Association between Chlamydia Trachomatis Cervicitis and Preterm Labor

Mohamed, Sabry S; Rabei, Noha Hamed; Faisal, Malames M.; Amin, Amira Sayed

doi:10.12816/0039672

Cited by 3 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…It has been shown that in women with history of preterm birth there is 17.8% chance of next preterm and after two preterm there are 4.4% chances. Similarly study of Mohamed SS et al 13 observed 14% chance of next PTL but Derakhshi et al 12 observed high chances of 31.2%. Pandey et al 14 and Singh et al 15 showed same results of 14% whereas Leal et al 16 and Wagura et al 17 showed higher associated of previous preterm of 27.9% and 35% respectively.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 88%

Evaluation of Genitourinary Infection in Preterm Labour: A Descriptive Cross-Sectional Study

Shrestha,

Mushtaq,

Shah

et al. 2023

Medphoenix

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Introduction: Preterm labour is defined as the occurrence of regular uterine contractions (≥ 4 in 20 minutes or ≥ 8 in 1 hour) and cervical changes (effacement ≥ 80% and dilatation ≥ 1cm) in women with intact fetal membrane and gestational age less than 37 weeks. Genitourinary infection is the most important cause of preterm labour. The aim of this study was to determine the role of Genitourinary infection in causation of preterm labour. Methods: This is a descriptive cross sectional study done at National Medical College Teaching Hospital from 10 November 2021 to 9 November 2022 after obtaining IRC (F-NMC/549/078-79). Total of 90 patients in preterm labour fulfilling the inclusion criteria were enrolled in this study after taking informed consent. Clinical examination was done, vaginal swab, endocervical swab and urine samples were sent to microbiological department for examination. Preformed proforma were used to record the demographic, clinical finding and result of investigation. The data was analyzed statistically using SPSS 22 and mean age, frequency and prevalence of genitourinary infection were calculated. Results: In this study, 90 patients of preterm labour were enrolled. The mean age group of patients was 23.61 ± 4.25 years. Genital infection compromised of 41%, high vaginal swab showed 30% prevalence and endocervical swab showed 20% prevalence. The most common organism identified in genital infection was Gardenella vaginalis 55.55%. The prevalence of Urinary tract infection was 40% where E.coli was the most common organism 66.66%. Conclusions: Genitourinary tract infection plays an important role in causation of preterm labour and can easily be diagnosed with routine urine examination, urine culture and vagino-cervical swab. The prevalence of genital infections and urinary tract infection was 41% and 40% respectively. Gardnerella vaginalis was the most common pathogen identified in genital tract whereas E.coli was leading cause of UTI in Preterm labour patients.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 88%

Evaluation of Genitourinary Infection in Preterm Labour: A Descriptive Cross-Sectional Study

Shrestha,

Mushtaq,

Shah

et al. 2023

Medphoenix

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“…in endocervical infection and its association with placental inflammation ( 82 ), pPROM and sPTB ( 83 ). Similarly, the prevalence of C. trachomatis has been observed to increase among women experiencing preterm labor, particularly those with PTB, compared with women who gave birth at term ( 84 ). This became apparent when women with C. trachomatis receiving antibiotic treatment showed a reduced incidence of sPTB ( 85 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Microbiota dynamics, metabolic and immune interactions in the cervicovaginal environment and their role in spontaneous preterm birth

Onyango,

Mi,

Koech

et al. 2023

Front. Immunol.

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Differences in the cervicovaginal microbiota are associated with spontaneous preterm birth (sPTB), a significant cause of infant morbidity and mortality. Although establishing a direct causal link between cervicovaginal microbiota and sPTB remains challenging, recent advancements in sequencing technologies have facilitated the identification of microbial markers potentially linked to sPTB. Despite variations in findings, a recurring observation suggests that sPTB is associated with a more diverse and less stable vaginal microbiota across pregnancy trimesters. It is hypothesized that sPTB risk is likely to be modified via an intricate host-microbe interactions rather than due to the presence of a single microbial taxon or broad community state. Nonetheless, lactobacilli dominance is generally associated with term outcomes and contributes to a healthy vaginal environment through the production of lactic acid/maintenance of a low pH that excludes other pathogenic microorganisms. Additionally, the innate immunity of the host and metabolic interactions between cervicovaginal microbiota, such as the production of bacteriocins and the use of proteolytic enzymes, exerts a profound influence on microbial populations, activities, and host immune responses. These interplays collectively impact pregnancy outcomes. This review aims to summarize the complexity of cervicovaginal environment and microbiota dynamics, and associations with bacterial vaginosis and sPTB. There is also consideration on how probiotics may mitigate the risk of sPTB and bacterial vaginosis.

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“…The prevalence of C. trachomatis cervicitis in women with PTL was significantly higher in patients with PTBs than in women with term deliveries ( 48 ). Another study showed that cervicitis among pregnant women was commonly caused by C. trachomatis .…”

Section: Cervical Infections Promote Preterm Birthmentioning

confidence: 96%

Breaking Down the Barrier: The Role of Cervical Infection and Inflammation in Preterm Birth

Tantengco

Menon

2022

Front. Glob. Womens Health

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Approximately 40% of cases of spontaneous preterm birth (sPTB) are associated with ascending intrauterine infections. The cervix serves as a physical and immunological gatekeeper, preventing the ascent of microorganisms from the vagina to the amniotic cavity. The cervix undergoes remodeling during pregnancy. It remains firm and closed from the start until the late third trimester of pregnancy and then dilates and effaces to accommodate the passage of the fetus during delivery. Remodeling proceeds appropriately and timely to maintain the pregnancy until term delivery. However, risk factors, such as acute and chronic infection and local inflammation in the cervix, may compromise cervical integrity and result in premature remodeling, predisposing to sPTB. Previous clinical studies have established bacterial (i.e., chlamydia, gonorrhea, mycoplasma, etc.) and viral infections (i.e., herpesviruses and human papillomaviruses) as risk factors of PTB. However, the exact mechanism leading to PTB is still unknown. This review focuses on: (1) the epidemiology of cervical infections in pregnant patients; (2) cellular mechanisms that may explain the association of cervical infections to premature cervical ripening and PTB; (3) endogenous defense mechanisms of the cervix that protect the uterine cavity from infection and inflammation; and (4) potential inflammatory biomarkers associated with cervical infection that can serve as prognostic markers for premature cervical ripening and PTB. This review will provide mechanistic insights on cervical functions to assist in managing cervical infections during pregnancy.

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Association between Chlamydia Trachomatis Cervicitis and Preterm Labor

Cited by 3 publications

References 29 publications

Evaluation of Genitourinary Infection in Preterm Labour: A Descriptive Cross-Sectional Study

Evaluation of Genitourinary Infection in Preterm Labour: A Descriptive Cross-Sectional Study

Microbiota dynamics, metabolic and immune interactions in the cervicovaginal environment and their role in spontaneous preterm birth

Breaking Down the Barrier: The Role of Cervical Infection and Inflammation in Preterm Birth

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