Association between carriage of oral yeasts and malnutrition among Tanzanian infants aged 6–24 months

Abstract

OBJECTIVE: To determine if there is an association between carriage of oral yeasts and malnutrition in infants. DESIGN: A case‐control study within a cross‐sectional study. The dependent variable was carriage of oral yeasts. The exposure variable was malnutrition and con‐founders to be adjusted for were age, sex, and breastfeeding. SETTING: A maternal and child health clinic in Dar‐es‐Salaam, Tanzania that offers routine medical check‐ups to all expectant mothers and children aged between 0 and 5 years in its catchment areas. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: 972 infants aged 6–24 months participated. Smears from the tongue and cheek mucosa were examined for candidal hyphae and blasto‐spores. Malnutrition was categorized according to Tanzanian standards (weight‐for‐age) and World Health Organization (WHO) standards (weight‐for‐height and height‐for‐age). MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE: Carriage of oral yeasts (hyphae and blastospores). RESULTS: Carriage of oral yeasts was significantly higher in the 227 malnourished compared with the 745 wetl nourished adjusted for confounders. Odds ratio for presence of hyphae in smears from the severety malnourished (weight‐for‐age) was 4.5 (90% CI: 2.0–10.0). Odds ratio for presence of hyphae was 2.3 (90% CI: 1.1–4.8) when weight‐for‐height were used to categorize for malnutrition. CONCLUSION: The study tends to confirm the generally hetd view that malnutrition may predispose to carriage of oral yeasts and subsequent oral candidiasis.

Candida bucal en niños mexicanos con VIH/sida, desnutrición o marginación social

“…En México la desnutrición es la causa más frecuente de inmunodeficiencia y se la considera un factor de riesgo de muerte infantil (24). Asimismo, se ha hallado que la desnutrición incrementa 4,5 veces el riesgo de colonización bucal por Candida (25)(26)(27)(28)(29), una aseveración que coincide con los resultados del presente estudio, en el cual se observó que los niños desnutridos tienen un riesgo más alto (RM 5,3) de colonización por estas especies.…”

Medicinal plants used by Tanzanian traditional healers in the management of Candida infections

“…Oral candidiasis is popularly known among traditional healers as "Utando mweupe wa mdomoni." This is a condition that has been known in Tanzania for a long time, especially among malnourished young children (Matee et al, 1995). This previous knowledge was instrumental in identifying some of the plants that are reported in this study.…”