Association Between Breakfast to Dysmenorrhea Degree on Students SMAN 2 in Banda Aceh, Indonesia

Abstract

Introduction: Dysmenorrhea is a common problem in women and can affect the quality of life of personal health and decreased status of quality of life. The risk of dysmenorrhea is age, age of menarche, nutritional status, marital status, family history, physical activity and food intake. Breakfast is an energy supplier that is needed in the first hour of activities. The purpose of this study was to know the relationship of breakfast with the degree of dysmenorrhea in high school students of SMAN 2 Banda Aceh, Indonesia. The SMAN 2 school is located in the coastal area where most of the students come from families with the job of fishermen and traders. People in that area often do the activity early with the habit of having breakfast after completing their activities. Students from SMAN 2 generally have breakfast during rest time after studying, this habit can cause problems such as dizziness, weakness, nausea, bloating, decreased concentration which will affect the health of the students.Methods: The design of the study was analytic observational with cross sectional approach. Sampling from 6th to 13th of January 2018 taken by nonprobability sampling with stratified random sampling method, obtained sample of 132 students. Inclusion criteria are all students of SMAN 2 Class X, XI, XII, have a history of dysmenorrhea since menarche, not suffering from chronic disease (DM, Hypertension, Hyperthyroidism, Ovarian Cyst, myoma) secondary dysmenorrhea, not taking NSAID medicines, unmarried, and not routine doing physical activity. Measurement of dysmenorrhea with Visual Analog scale (VAS) and breakfast using Frequency Food Questionnaire (FFQ) with interview technique.Results: The student with age of menarche most at the age of 10 year that is 43 student (32,6%), normal nutrition status 71 student (53,8%). Student who always eat breakfast is 24 students (18,2%), Student who eat breakfast sometimes is 36 students (27,2%) and student who rarely eat breakfast is 41 students (31,1%). The degree of dysmenorrhea is more on mild pain, 60 students (45,5%) unbearable pain 5 students (3,8%) and moderate pain 35 students (26,5%). Statistical analysis with spearman correlation rank with 95% confidence interval (CI) (α < 0.05) obtained p value = 0.022, it means there is a relationship between breakfast with degrees of dysmenorrhea with correlation coefficient r = 0.2 with the strength of a strong relationship.

Menstrual characteristics and dysmenorrhea among Palestinian adolescent refugee camp dwellers in the West Bank and Jordan: a cross-sectional study

“…In our study, eating breakfast and exercising regularly were associated with lower dysmenorrhea scores. Skipping breakfast was consistently associated with higher levels of dysmenorrhea in our study and consistent with other studies addressing nutrition and dysmenorrhea [ 50 , 51 ]. Physical activity and regular exercise throughout the month have been shown to reduce dysmenorrhea by enhancing pelvic blood circulation and can improve psychological well-being [ 52 ].…”

Association Between Breakfast and Dysmenorrhea in Female College Students at Faculty of Medicine, Pelita Harapan University

“…This is in accordance with research conducted by Husnah in Banda Aceh who found that the number of high school students who sometimes do breakfast (61.5%) is greater than students who often have breakfast (38.5%). 5 This is also in line with research conducted in Japan by Tomoko Fujiwara who found that the number of college female students who sometimes or always skip breakfast (95.9%) is much greater than college female students who never skip breakfast (4.1%). 10 There are several reasons that could make college female students do not have the habit of having breakfast such as: schedules that are too busy so they do not have time for breakfast, no one to help prepare breakfast, or having to go out of the house to buy food just for breakfast before doing their lecture activities.…”

“…In addition, the research conducted by Husnah used the VAS (Visual Analogue Questionnaire Scale) questionnaire to measure the incidence of dysmenorrhea while the researchers used the WaLLID Score questionnaire to measure the incidence of dysmenorrhea. 5 This study is also not in line with research conducted by Tomoko Fujiwara conducted on female students at Kanazawa University, Japan. The difference in the results of this study can occur because the research by Fujiwara was conducted in Japan which has a different culture and food nutrition patterns with female college students in Indonesia, the difference in the number of samples of 3,172 people and the observation period for 1 year can also affect the difference in research results with this study.…”

“…4 The study conducted by Husnah in Banda Aceh found that most students sometimes eat breakfast (61.5%). 5 Dysmenorrhea is menstrual pain that is characterized by cramps, intermittent, and centered on the lower abdomen. 6 Dysmenorrhea may occur due to an imbalance of prostaglandin hormones so that the uterus muscles contract strongly and usually occurs at the beginning of menstruation.…”

“…10 A study conducted by Husnah in Banda Aceh on high school students showed a significant relationship between breakfast and the severity of dysmenorrhea. 5 There is not much data on the association between breakfast habits and dysmenorrhea in female college students, especially in the Faculty of Medicine, which has more activities than other faculties. Based on the data above, this study aims to discover the association between breakfast and dysmenorrhea in female college students of Faculty of Medicine at Pelita Harapan University.…”