Association between antimicrobial treatment and resistance of pathogenic <i>Escherichia coli</i> isolated from diseased swine in Kagoshima Prefecture, Japan

Abstract

Pathogenic Escherichia coli is an important cause of diarrhea, edema disease, and septicemia in swine. In Japan, the volume of antimicrobial drugs used for animals is highest in swine, but information about the prevalence of antimicrobial-resistant bacteria is confined to apparently healthy animals. In the present study, we determined the O serogroups, virulence factors, and antimicrobial resistance of 360 E. coli isolates from swine that died of disease in Kagoshima Prefecture, Japan, between 1999 and 2017. The isolates of the predominant serogroups O139, OSB9, O149, O8, and O116 possessed virulence factor genes typically found in diarrheagenic E. coli . We further found five strains of third-generation cephalosporin-resistant E. coli that each produced an extended-spectrum β-lactamase encoded by bla CTX-M-14 , bla CTX-M-15 , bla CTX-M-24 , bla CTX-M-61 , or bla SHV-12 . In 218 swine with a clear history of antimicrobial drug use, we further analyzed associations between the use of antimicrobials for the treatment of diseased swine and the isolation of resistant E. coli . We found significant associations between antimicrobial use and selection of resistance to the same class of antimicrobials, such as the use of ceftiofur and resistance to cefotaxime, cefazolin, or ampicillin, the use of aminoglycosides and resistance to streptomycin, and the use of phenicols and resistance to chloramphenicol. A significant association between antimicrobial use and the resistance of E. coli isolates to structurally unrelated antimicrobials, such as the use of ceftiofur and resistance to chloramphenicol, was also observed.

Longitudinal Study Detects the Co-Carriage of ESBL and mcr-1 and -4 Genes in Escherichia coli Strains in a Portuguese Farrow-to-Finish Swine Herd

“…The use of ceftiofur was not only associated with amoxicillin and cefotaxime resistance but also with structurally unrelated antimicrobials such as chloramphenicol [ 45 ]. In this study, resistance to chloramphenicol was observed in 35 isolates of piglets (58.33%), despite no phenicols being used in the early stages of the piglets’ lives.…”

“…In this study, resistance to chloramphenicol was observed in 35 isolates of piglets (58.33%), despite no phenicols being used in the early stages of the piglets’ lives. Indeed, in previously reported studies, chloramphenicol resistance genes have often been found on the same ESBL encoding plasmids [ 45 , 46 , 47 , 48 , 49 ].…”

Captive collared peccary carries ESBL-producing diarrheagenic Escherichia coli pathotypes

“…The presence of livestock also plays an important role in the dissemination of this bacteria to the environment and could be the main link in the contamination route to collared peccaries. There is evidence of domestic animals acting as carriers of strains of DEC mainly cattle (Gutema et al, 2021), sheep, and goats (Shabana & Al-Enazi, 2020), birds (Kimura et al, 2021) and pigs (Misumi et al, 2021). In Mexico, DEC strains have been reported in humans and animals (Rivas-Ruiz et al, 2020;Tamayo-Legorreta et al, 2020).…”

“…Overall, more than half of the DEC strains were not susceptible to at least one antibiotic from three different categories tested (MDR), mainly beta-lactams, aminoglycosides, cephalosporins, fluoroquinolones and nitrofurantoin. Resistance to beta-lactams such as ampicillin was observed in DEC isolated from canaries (Kimura et al 2021), pigs (Misumi et al, 2021) and bovines, cow meat and humans (Gutema et al, 2021). In Mexico, multidrug resistant E. coli infections are a common occurrence, and the incidence of DEC strains resistant mainly to ampicillin and tetracycline has been reported in bovine faeces (Navarro et al, 2018), beef and pork (Martínez-Vázquez et al, 2018), as well as in humans (Castro et al, 2019).…”

Evaluation of immunochromatographic test of Shiga toxin 2e in enrichment cultures of swine edema disease clinical samples

“…Twenty-seven other fecal samples excreted in the environment were collected from piglet houses. All samples used in this study had been checked in advance for the presence or absence of stx2e-positive E. coli by the suppliers using DHL agar and blood agar plates [9] and subsequently conducting PCR for the stx2e gene [11]. Information about each sample used in this study is shown in Supplementary Table 1.…”