Association between Air Pollution and Mortality Due to Respiratory Diseases in Children in São Paulo, Brazil: A Preliminary Report

Saldiva, Paulo Hilário Nascimento; Lichtenfels, A.J.F.C.; Paiva, P.S.O.; Barone, Ines; Martins, Mílton A.; Massad, Eduardo; Pereira, Júlio César Rodrigues; Xavier, V.P.; Singer, Júlio M.; Böhm, György

doi:10.1006/enrs.1994.1033

Cited by 241 publications

(174 citation statements)

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“…As DRCs are pollutants of urban/industrial origin, it is worth mentioning that SP houses a human population of approximately 40 million people (Rudge et al, 2011). In addition, the metropolitan area of São Paulo city constitutes the most industrialized center of Latin America (Saldiva et al, 1994). In this context, it becomes interesting to compare the organochlorine compound profiles between franciscana dolphins from SP state and air samples from São Paulo City (de Assunção et al, 2005).…”

Section: Franciscana Dolphinsmentioning

confidence: 99%

High accumulation of PCDD, PCDF, and PCB congeners in marine mammals from Brazil: A serious PCB problem

Dorneles

Sanz

Eppe

et al. 2013

Science of The Total Environment

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• Dioxin-like PCBs accounted for over 83% of the total TEQ for all cetaceans • Negative correlations were found between length and TEQ values in franciscanas.• PCB concentrations found are among the highest ever reported for cetaceans. a b s t r a c t a r t i c l e i n f o Blubber samples from three delphinid species (false killer whale, Guiana and rough-toothed dolphin), as well as liver samples from franciscana dolphins were analyzed for dioxins and related compounds (DRCs). Samples were collected from 35 cetaceans stranded or incidentally captured in a highly industrialized and urbanized area (Southeast and Southern Brazilian regions). Dioxin-like PCBs accounted for over 83% of the total TEQ for all cetaceans. Non-ortho coplanar PCBs, for franciscanas (82%), and mono-ortho PCBs (up to 80%), for delphinids, constituted the groups of highest contribution to total TEQ. Regarding franciscana dolphins, significant negative correlations were found between total length (TL) and three variables, ΣTEQ-DRCs, ΣTEQ-PCDF and ΣTEQ non-ortho PCB. An increasing efficiency of the detoxifying activity with the growth of the animal may be a plausible explanation for these findings. This hypothesis is reinforced by the significant negative correlation found between TL and PCB126/PCB169 concentration ratio. DRC concentrations (ng/g lipids) varied from 36 to 3006, for franciscana dolphins, as well as from 356 to 30,776, for delphinids. The sum of dioxin-like and indicator PCBs varied from 34,662 to 279,407 ng/g lipids, for Guiana dolphins from Rio de Janeiro state, which are among the highest PCB concentrations ever reported for cetaceans. The high concentrations found in our study raise concern not only on the conservation of Brazilian coastal cetaceans, but also on the possibility of human health problem due to consumption of fish from Brazilian estuaries.

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Section: Franciscana Dolphinsmentioning

confidence: 99%

High accumulation of PCDD, PCDF, and PCB congeners in marine mammals from Brazil: A serious PCB problem

Dorneles

Sanz

Eppe

et al. 2013

Science of The Total Environment

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“…Published studies have assigned particle exposure using data from several different particle measurement techniques and indicators, including Black Smoke, gravimetric, Tapered Element Oscillating Microbalance (TEOM), and visibility, and typically have information from only one measurement source. A review of over 80 recent studies of mortality and ambient particles, several of which are cited here, revealed that few devote more than a sentence or two to describing the measurement method, and some merely describe the parameter being measured, e.g., particles of less than 10 m aerodynamic diameter ( PM 10 ) (Kinney and Ozkaynak, 1991;Bobak and Leon, 1992;Pope et al, 1992;Saldiva et al, 1994;Anderson et al, 1996;Hoek et al, 1997;Simpson et al, 1997 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Estimating particle exposure in the Mexico City metropolitan area

OʼNeill

Loomis

Meza

et al. 2002

J Expo Sci Environ Epidemiol

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Study question: We examined whether methods for measuring exposure to airborne particles less than 10 m in aerodynamic diameter ( PM 10 ) in the Mexico City metropolitan area give different estimates of PM 10 levels, and the nature of these differences, and developed a model for estimating missing PM 10 data for one measurement method. Methods: Government PM 10 measurements using two different technologies at five sites ( the Sierra -Anderson PM 10 HighVolume Air Sampler System, Hi -Vol ) ( every sixth day ) and the Rupprecht and Patashnik Tapered Element Oscillating Microbalance ( TEOM ) monitor ( daily ), as well as Harvard Impactor ( HI ) data collected for research purposes from one monitoring station were matched by day and monitoring site, then compared visually and with basic descriptive statistics. We fit linear regression models with airport visual range measurements, meteorological data, and information on other air pollutants to predict the Hi -Vol measured PM 10 levels for those days when direct measurements were not available. Results: We found relatively low correlations ( r ranging from 0.46 to 0.63 ) between PM 10 measured with the TEOM and Hi -Vol methods, and highly variable differences ( 0 -70 g / m 3 ) between the means of these measurements, depending on monitoring site. The HI measurements had a relatively high correlation with the Hi -Vol measurements ( r = 0.90 ). The models developed for the missing Hi -Vol measurements provided a series of estimated values similar to the actual Hi -Vol measurements, although the estimated series did not have high values in the range observed in the measured data. Conclusions: The differences we observed in the PM 10 measurements across methods in Mexico City may be important when studying health effects associated with particle exposure, evaluating method performance under conditions and operating protocols similar to those in Mexico City, and determining compliance with air quality standards. The estimated series of PM 10 measures may be a useful index of exposure for use in studies of the effects of air pollution on health.

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“…18 Uma explicação para o aumento das doenças respiratórias em São Paulo, que não pôde ser avaliada diretamente pelas análises realizadas no presente estudo, poderia ser a deterioração da qualidade do ar da cidade. Estudos recentes realizados em diferentes contextos urbanos, 20,21,23,25 incluindo a cidade de São Paulo, 3,8,11,22 têm mostrado associações importantes entre níveis de poluição do ar e atendimentos ambulatoriais, hospitalizações e óbitos por doença respiratória. Nesses estudos, material particulado inalável e óxidos de nitrogênio têm sido os poluentes mais consistentemente relacionados com os efeitos deletérios sobre o aparelho respiratório.…”

Section: Discussionunclassified

Tendência secular da doença respiratória na infância na cidade de São Paulo (1984-1996)

et al. 2000

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Resumo ObjetivoEstimar a prevalência e a distribuição social da doença respiratória na infância, estabelecer a tendência secular dessa enfermidade e analisar sua determinação, com base nos dados coletados por dois inquéritos domiciliares realizados na cidade de São Paulo, SP, em 1984/85 e em 1995/96. Métodos Os inquéritos estudaram amostras probabilísticas da população residente na cidade com idades entre zero e 59 meses (1.016 em 1984/85 e 1.280 em 1995/96). Nos dois inquéritos estimou-se a prevalência instantânea da doença respiratória alta (acima da epiglote) e da doença respiratória baixa com e sem chiado à ausculta pulmonar. A ocorrência da doença respiratória foi aferida por exames clínicos realizados em dias aleatórios, nos próprios domicílios das crianças, por médicos pediatras devidamente treinados e padronizados quanto ao diagnóstico da doença. Os exames clínicos incluíam a anamnese do dia, antecedentes de doença respiratória e o exame físico completo da criança, incluindo inspeção da orofaringe, otoscopia e ausculta pulmonar. Nos dois inquéritos, os exames foram distribuídos ao longo de um período de cerca de 12 meses, de modo a garantir uma varredura uniforme das várias áreas da cidade ao longo das quatro estações. O estudo da distribuição social da doença respiratória levou em conta tercis da renda familiar per capita em cada um dos inquéritos. A estratégia analítica para estudar os determinantes da evolução da prevalência da doença na população empregou modelos hierárquicos de causalidade, análises multivariadas de regressão e procedimentos análogos aos utilizados para calcular riscos atribuíveis populacionais. Resultados/ConclusõesHouve entre os inquéritos aumentos expressivos na prevalência instantânea da doença respiratória alta (de 22,2% para 38,8%) e da doença respiratória baixa sem e com chiado (de 6,0% para 10,0% e de 0,8% para 2,8%, respectivamente). No caso da doença alta e da doença baixa sem chiado, o aumento é generalizado nos vários estratos sociais, o que não altera, no período, a situação discretamente menos favorável dos estratos de menor renda. No caso da doença baixa com chiado, o aumento se restringe aos estratos de renda baixa e intermediária, sendo particularmente intenso no estrato de menor renda, o que determina o surgimento

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Association between Air Pollution and Mortality Due to Respiratory Diseases in Children in São Paulo, Brazil: A Preliminary Report

Cited by 241 publications

References 0 publications

High accumulation of PCDD, PCDF, and PCB congeners in marine mammals from Brazil: A serious PCB problem

High accumulation of PCDD, PCDF, and PCB congeners in marine mammals from Brazil: A serious PCB problem

Estimating particle exposure in the Mexico City metropolitan area

Tendência secular da doença respiratória na infância na cidade de São Paulo (1984-1996)

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