Association among serum lipid and lipoprotein concentrations and physical activity, physical fitness, and body composition in young children

DuRant, Robert H.; Baranowski, Tom; Rhodes, Thomas; Gutin, Bernard; Thompson, William O.; Carroll, Richard; Puhl, Jacqueline L.; Greaves, Kathryn A.

doi:10.1016/s0022-3476(05)81687-7

Cited by 77 publications

(53 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…Waist-to-hip ratio has been positively correlated with serum cholesterol and LDL-C as early as 4 years of age. 29 A direct association between weight and insulin resistance has been reported in children, and body size has been shown to be a significant correlate of blood pressure and lipids in children and adolescents. 18,19,30 -32 An increase in obesity during childhood is related to changes in lipids and lipoproteins that are consistent with a more atherogenic lipid profile.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Relation of Weight and Rate of Increase in Weight During Childhood and Adolescence to Body Size, Blood Pressure, Fasting Insulin, and Lipids in Young Adults

et al. 1999

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Background-Weight gain is of concern during early development because adult obesity and its cardiovascular consequences appear to have their origins during childhood. Insulin resistance is known to be related to obesity. Thus, weight gain beginning in childhood may influence the development of insulin-induced cardiovascular risk during adulthood. Methods and Results-We monitored 679 individuals from 7.7Ϯ0.1 years of age with repeated measures of height, weight, and systolic blood pressure (SBP) until 23.6Ϯ0.2 years of age, when blood samples were obtained for measurements of insulin and lipids. Initial childhood weight, body mass index (BMI), and height were significantly correlated with young adult weight, BMI, and height and with fasting insulin, lipids, and SBP. The increases in weight and BMI but not height during childhood were significantly related to the young adult levels of insulin, lipids, and SBP. Conclusions-These data suggest that weight gain in excess of normal growth during childhood is a determinant of adult cardiovascular risk. The finding in multiple linear regression analysis that weight gain during childhood rather than the childhood weight at 7.7 years of age is significantly related to young adult risk factors suggests that a reduction in weight gain could reduce subsequent levels of cardiovascular risk.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Relation of Weight and Rate of Increase in Weight During Childhood and Adolescence to Body Size, Blood Pressure, Fasting Insulin, and Lipids in Young Adults

et al. 1999

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“…18,19 Data were collected between the summers of 1986 and 1989. While the data were collected over 15 y ago, there has been no significant change in the measurement techniques for the behaviors examined in this paper.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

BMI from 3–6 y of age is predicted by TV viewing and physical activity, not diet

et al. 2005

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OBJECTIVE: To investigate whether, diet, physical activity, sedentary behavior or television (TV) viewing predicted body mass index (BMI) among 3-7-y-old children. DESIGN: A triethnic cohort of 3-4-y-old children was followed for 3 y from 1986 to 1989. MEASUREMENTS: BMI was assessed at the beginning and end of each measurement year. Heart rate monitoring and observation were used to assess physical activity. Diet (calories, % calories from fat and carbohydrate), sedentary behavior and TV viewing were assessed by direct observation in each year. A repeated measures regression analysis with year as a factor and BMI at the end of each year as dependent variables was run. Nonsignificant variables were removed in a stepwise backward deletion process and significant interactions graphed. RESULTS: The interactions between minutes of TV viewing per hour and study year and minutes of physical activity per hour and study year were significant (Po0.05). There were also significant main effects for TV viewing, physical activity and BMI from the beginning of the study. The model accounted for 65% of the variance in BMI across the three study years. Plotting the significant interactions demonstrated that physical activity was positively associated with BMI in year 1, and negatively associated in years 2 and 3 with a stronger negative relationship in year 3 than 2. TV viewing became positively associated with BMI during the third study year. CONCLUSION: Physical activity and TV viewing were the only significant predictors (other than baseline BMI) of BMI among a triethnic cohort of 3-4-y-old children followed for 3 y with both physical activity (negatively associated) and TV viewing (positively associated) becoming stronger predictors as the children aged. It appears that 6 or 7 y is a critical age when TV viewing and physical activity may affect BMI. Therefore, focusing on reducing time spent watching television and increasing time spent in physical activity may be successful means of preventing obesity among this age group.

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“…Some weak associations were evident, but no threshold `dose' of activity could be identi® ed. In a review of more recent evidence, Riddoch (1998) pointed out that only two studies (Durant et al, 1994(Durant et al, , 1996 observed no eþ ect, whereas others (Durant et al, 1993;Robinson et al, 1993;Wolf et al, 1993;Gutin et al, 1995;Boreham et al, 1997;Gutin and Owens, 1999) observed some eþ ect. These results must, therefore, be treated as highly suggestive rather than de® nitive.…”

Section: Activity and Current Health Statusmentioning

confidence: 99%

The physical activity, fitness and health of children

Boreham¹,

Riddoch²

2001

Journal of Sports Sciences

544

367

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It is clear that, despite their natural tendencies, children have become less physically active in recent decades, with children today expending approximately 600 kcal days' less than their counterparts 50 years ago. Although the health consequences of a reduced energy expenditure in adults is well documented, there is little direct evidence linking sedentariness with health in children. However, three main benefits arising from adequate childhood physical activity have been postulated. The first is direct improvements in childhood health status; evidence is accumulating that more active children generally display healthier cardiovascular profiles, are leaner and develop higher peak bone masses than their less active counterparts. Secondly, there is a biological carry-over effect into adulthood, whereby improved adult health status results from childhood physical activity. In particular, childhood obesity may be a precursor for a range of adverse health effects in adulthood, while higher bone masses in young people reduce the risk of osteoporosis in old age. Finally, there may be a behavioural carry-over into adulthood, whereby active children are more likely to become more active (healthy) adults. However, supporting evidence for this assertion is weak. Given this background, recent health guidelines suggesting that children should accumulate 60 min of moderate-intensity physical activity every day--supplemented by regular activities that promote strength flexibility and bone strength--appear to be justified. Future developments should include the implementation of large-scale, longitudinal studies spanning childhood and young adulthood, the further refinement of tools for measuring physical activity accurately in young people, and research into the relative strength of association between fitness--as well as activity--and health in children.

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Association among serum lipid and lipoprotein concentrations and physical activity, physical fitness, and body composition in young children

Cited by 77 publications

References 24 publications

Relation of Weight and Rate of Increase in Weight During Childhood and Adolescence to Body Size, Blood Pressure, Fasting Insulin, and Lipids in Young Adults

Relation of Weight and Rate of Increase in Weight During Childhood and Adolescence to Body Size, Blood Pressure, Fasting Insulin, and Lipids in Young Adults

BMI from 3–6 y of age is predicted by TV viewing and physical activity, not diet

The physical activity, fitness and health of children

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