Associação forética entre larvas de Rheotanytarsus (Chironomidae, Tanytarsini) e adultos de Elmidae (Coleoptera), coletados em córregos no Parque Estadual de Campos do Jordão, São Paulo, Brasil

Abstract

A foresia ocorre como estratégia adaptativa entre os invertebrados, sendo adotada por diferentes táxons. Entre os insetos aquáticos esta relação é uma associação comensal, em geral, entre larvas de algumas espécies, neste caso particularmente de dípteros, que constroem casulos e vivem sobre o exoesqueleto de insetos maiores como Ephemeroptera, Megaloptera, Plecoptera, Odonata e Trichoptera e por eles são transportados.Dentre os dípteros, os Chironomidae são, sem dúvida, o grupo mais reportado em associação forética com diferentes gê-neros e espécies relacionando-se com: Diptera (STEFFAN 1967a);

Intra-annual colonization of Chironomidae on leaf litter in a Brazilian Cerrado stream

“…The high densities of Rheotanytarsus and Thienemanniella indicated that these organisms can be associated to the leaf litter because of the fine particle in organic matter deposit or with erosion areas. Another reason that justified the density of Rheotanytarsus is that, for being filtering, they showed preference for places with riffles (Segura et al, 2007), corroborating the high density of this organism, mainly after day 20 when rains occurred. According to Graça (2001), the fragmentation by invertebrates can occur in direct or indirect way.…”

Elmidae (Coleoptera, Byrrhoidea) larvae in the state of São Paulo, Brazil: Identification key, new records and distribution

“…Although a number of authors have invested effort in the collection of taxonomic data on the group, particularly the description of species ( Hinton 1936 , 1937 , 1939 , 1940 , 1945 , 1971 , 1972 , 1973 ; Brown 1970 , 1971 , 1981 ; Spangler and Santiago 1987 ; Spangler 1966 , 1990; Costa et al 1988 ) literature about the Brazilian fauna remains scarce. In recent years, some South American researchers have intensified studies on Elmidae biology ( Costa et al 1988 ; Passos et al 2003a ), ecology ( Costa et al 1988 ; Passos et al 2003b ; Segura et al 2007a , b ) and taxonomy, including the description of new species ( Passos and Felix 2004a , b ; Manzo 2006 ; Archangelsky and Manzo 2006 , 2007 ; Archangelsky et al 2009 ; Vanin and Costa 2011 ) and identification keys ( Passos et al 2007 ; Manzo 2005 ; Manzo and Archangelsky 2008 ; Mugnai et al 2010 ). However, the studies carried out by Manzo (2005) and Manzo and Archangelsky (2008) include few specimens of Elmidae from Brazil.…”

Phoresy and commensalism of Chironomidae larvae (Insecta: Diptera) in the state of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil

“…(Orthocladiinae) on fishes of the families Astroblepidae and Loricariidae (Freehofer & Neil, 1967;Fittkau, 1974;Mendes et al, , 2007Sydow et al, 2008); Nanocladius (Plecopteracoluthus) sp. on Plecoptera (Dorvillé et al, 2000) and Ephemeroptera (Callisto & Goulart, 2000;Pepinelli et al, 2009); Thienemanniella on Megaloptera (Callisto et al, 2006); Rheotanytarsus on Odonata (Ferreira-Peruquette & Trivinho-Strixino, 2003;Rosa et al, 2009), and Coleoptera (Segura et al, 2007). Roque et al (2004) listed new occurrences of phoretic Chironomidae-larvae living on different aquatic animals, mainly for the state of São Paulo.…”