Associação entre incapacidade funcional e capital social em idosos residentes em comunidade

Abstract

ABSTRACT:Objective: To assess the prevalence of disability and its association with social capital among community-dwelling elderly. Methods: The study was based on 2 nd Health Survey of Belo Horizonte Metropolitan Region -2010, that included 1,995 community-dwelling elderly, randomly sampled. The exposure of interest was social capital, measured by confidence in neighborhood, perception of the physical environment, sense of cohesion in housing, and neighborhood perception of help. Socio-demographic variables, health conditions and use of health services were considered in the analysis with the purpose of adjustment. Results: Approximately one third of participants (32.6%) were unable to at least one instrumental activity of daily living (IADL) and/or basic activity of daily living (ADL); the prevalence of disability in ADL/IADL was 18.1%, and only in IADL was 14.6%. Elderly with functional disabilities had higher odds of poor social capital, but only the sense of cohesion in housing neighborhood showed to be independently associated with functional disability (OR = 1.80; 95%CI 1.12 -2.88). Conclusions: Our results show the importance of social capital in research on associated factors of functional disability and indicate the need to implement public policies for social and environmental areas, since the needs of the elderly require measures beyond those typical of the health sector.

Relationship between Individual Social Capital and Functional Ability among Older People in Anhui Province, China

“…Our results indicated that in the logistic regression model, trust, cohesion, and reciprocity were not statistically associated with elderly functional ability, which showed a difference from previous studies. A Brazil study found that the cohesion of elderly participants was associated with their functional disability, while the significant association was not observed for other elements of social capital such as [22]. Results from Japan demonstrated that elderly males with lower-level trust had a higher risk of being decline in ADL [4].…”

“…Most of the previous studies found that lower education [9,11], increased age [10,11], and multimorbidity [3,16,17] were related to poor functional ability. Meanwhile, the role of social capital in elderly health have been noted from multiple studies [22,46]. Although such studies analyzing factors individually related to functional ability are helpful, more comprehensive approaches are needed to examine the extent to which these factors co-combinate and interact to be linked to functional ability.…”

“…Moreover, the association between social capital and elderly functional ability was examined in multiple studies. For example, Gontijo et al [22] found that poor social capital was associated with functional limitations in older Brazilian people. A prospective cohort study in Japan suggested that community dwellers with a higher level of social participation have less chance to be ADL disability [23].…”

Prevalence of Older Adult Disability and Primary Health Care Responsiveness in Low-Income Communities

“…In Brazil, three-quarters of the population over 49 years of age has at least one chronic disease [ 4 ], and 23% of the individuals in that age group already have difficulty performing at least one activity of daily living, such as dressing themselves and getting up from a chair [ 5 ]. In addition to activities of daily living, disability affects several other areas important to independent life, such as work, leisure, and participation [ 6 , 7 , 8 , 9 , 10 , 11 ]. Disability increases the risk of mortality [ 12 ], the need for long-term care, and the risk of institutionalization, affecting patients and their families in economic, social, and emotional terms.…”

Um estudo longitudinal da associação do capital social e mortalidade entre idosos brasileiros residentes em comunidade

“…In Brazil, recent research on this relationship (between social capital and health) has addressed a wide range of topics, including health behaviors 7 , functional incapacity 8 , oral health 9 , mental health 10 , and self-rated health 11 , to mention a few. However, Brazilian studies on the role of social capital in predicting mortality are still incipient.…”