Asset smoothing, consumption smoothing and the reproduction of inequality under risk and subsistence constraints

Zimmerman, Frederick J.; Carter, Michael R.

doi:10.1016/s0304-3878(03)00028-2

Cited by 443 publications

(270 citation statements)

References 50 publications

(3 reference statements)

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“…There is a long history of using cattle as part of a capital portfolio in developing countries and in Latin America in particular (Jarvis, 1974;Zimmerman and Carter, 2003). The flexibility, liquidity, and "low risk" nature of cattle, relative to plantations and crops, may explain why cattle ranching continues despite reforestation incentives.…”

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confidence: 99%

Teak–cattle production tradeoffs for Panama Canal Watershed small scale producers

Stefanski

Shi

Hall

et al. 2015

Forest Policy and Economics

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Reforestation and forest conservation are important issues in the Panama Canal Watershed (PCW). Uncertainty remains about relative net benefits of profit-maximizing timber rotations compared to the net present value of incumbent land uses such as cattle ranching. The scientific and popular literatures have displayed enthusiasm for teak (Tectona grandis) and native species plantations. We estimate a realistic yield model for teak, an exotic tree species, based on growth data from actual small scale landholders who were incentivized to convert lands to teak plantations. We use a suite of well fit yield models to solve for the optimal Faustmann rotation and compute the net present value (NPV) of a teak plantation to a private land manager as a starting point for understanding land-use patterns. We compare the NPV from forestry to cattle and find that site characteristics, discount rates, and market prices are all important factors in influencing the land manager's decision to switch from cattle ranching to plantation forestry. We find that traditional cattle ranching is economically competitive, in terms of NPV, with and may often outperform teak plantations within the PCW. This result is robust to the teak yield model selected.

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confidence: 99%

Teak–cattle production tradeoffs for Panama Canal Watershed small scale producers

Stefanski

Shi

Hall

et al. 2015

Forest Policy and Economics

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“…21 Cross-tabulating nutrition and income poverty status, we find that among households with insufficient nutrient intake, compared with the income poor, those earning higher income than the US$1.25-a-day line spent more in production (including inputs in agricultural production and purchasing productive assets) and in living expenditure such as cloth, housing, transportation, education and gifts to relatives and friends, at 1-5% significance levels. In other words, in extremely poor regions, those suffering from nutrition poverty but not income poverty might trade off their nutrient consumption to safeguard their limited productive assets for higher income (which has been modelled theoretically by Zimmerman and Carter (2003), and empirically found in rural China by You, 2014), better living standards and to support education. The depth of nutritional poverty also increased.…”

Section: Datamentioning

confidence: 99%

Intertemporal deprivation in rural china: income and nutrition

2017

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We analyse intertemporal poverty in two important dimensions -income and nutrition -in less developed northwest China during 2000-2004. Household intertemporal deprivations in these dimensions are estimated using measures which are sensitive to the precise sequence in which poor and non-poor spells occur. A generalised recursive selection model is then proposed to investigate the determinants of intertemporal deprivation in each dimension, allowing for the possibility that correlated unobservables drive the dual deprivations. Improvement in agricultural production is crucial for reducing both dimensions of intertemporal deprivation. We find evidence suggestive of intertemporal income-nutrition poverty traps. Higher labour productivity, especially in agriculture rather than local off-farm activities or out-migration, holds much potential for breaking the vicious circle. Agricultural innovation and mechanisation, regarded by the government as indispensable, yield mixed outcomes for alleviating intertemporal multi-dimensional deprivations. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article

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“…The urban asset adaptation framework, for instance (Moser et al, 2010), is based on conceptual work on assets and poverty (Moser, 1998;Siegel, 2005;Zimmerman & Carter, 2003).…”

Section: Relevance For Climate Change Objectivesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Social Protection and Climate Change

Béné¹,

Cannon²,

Davies³

et al. 2014

OECD Development Co-Operation Working Papers

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Climate change has already resulted in climate-related extreme events of greater frequency and/or intensity. This, along with long-term changes in average conditions (whether in temperature or rainfall), is likely to continue to have a major impact on livelihoods. Developing countries will be especially affected by such events -and more specifically, the poor people in developing countries -because of their geographical exposure and their greater reliance on climate-sensitive sectors such as agriculture. Social protection offers a wide range of instruments (e.g. cash transfers, insurance products, pension schemes and employment guarantee schemes) that can be used to support households that are particularly vulnerable to both the ongoing and acute impacts of climate changes. Although the evidence base showing how these measures can help those affected prevent and cope with climate challenges is still limited, this paper aims to provide a condensed review of the current knowledge and evidence about the role of social protection in reducing the impact of climate change on the poorest populations and provides a series of recommendations for both social protection and climate change practitioners and for strengthening the evidence base.

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Asset smoothing, consumption smoothing and the reproduction of inequality under risk and subsistence constraints

Cited by 443 publications

References 50 publications

Teak–cattle production tradeoffs for Panama Canal Watershed small scale producers

Teak–cattle production tradeoffs for Panama Canal Watershed small scale producers

Intertemporal deprivation in rural china: income and nutrition

Social Protection and Climate Change

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