Assessments of levels, potential ecological risk, and human health risk of heavy metals in the soils from a typical county in Shanxi Province, China

Pan, Libo; Ma, Jin; Hu, Yu; Su, Benying; Guang-ling, Fang; Wang, Yue; Wang, Zhanshan; Wang, Lei; Bao, Xiang

doi:10.1007/s11356-016-7044-z

Cited by 139 publications

(64 citation statements)

References 49 publications

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“…A number of PTEs have been identified often associated with local environmental drivers e.g. As in the study of Yuan et al (2018); Sb in a mining region (Fei et al 2017) and Cd with Hg in a typical county of Shanxi Province, China (Pan et al 2016). Consequently the results of our assessment add considerably to the relatively poor international perspective on the environmental impact of Tl..…”

Section: Ecological Risks Assessmentmentioning

confidence: 81%

Distribution, source identification, and ecological-health risks of potentially toxic elements (PTEs) in soil of thallium mine area (southwestern Guizhou, China)

Feng

Ren

Hursthouse

et al. 2019

Environ Sci Pollut Res

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Section: Ecological Risks Assessmentmentioning

confidence: 81%

Distribution, source identification, and ecological-health risks of potentially toxic elements (PTEs) in soil of thallium mine area (southwestern Guizhou, China)

Feng

Ren

Hursthouse

et al. 2019

Environ Sci Pollut Res

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“…Because of the complexity of sewage sludge, PI can’t reflect the pollution level better than PN, which combines the pollution levels of all metals, to accurately reveal the pollution levels of sewage sludge in a station [ 40 ]. Using PN, station 3, 8 and 9 were the most seriously polluted, possibly may because the areas where these stations located are more dominated by the chemical industry [ 47 ].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Disposal Situation of Sewage Sludge from Municipal Wastewater Treatment Plants (WWTPs) and Assessment of the Ecological Risk of Heavy Metals for Its Land Use in Shanxi, China

Duan

Zhang

Zheng

et al. 2017

IJERPH

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Land use of sewage sludge is the primary disposal method in Shanxi, accounting for 42.66% of all. To determine the ecological risk of heavy metals in sewage sludge, contents of seven heavy metals in sewage sludge from 9 municipal waste water treatment plants (WWTPs) that had the highest application for land use were determined. The order of the measured concentrations was: Zn > Cr > Cu > Ni > Pb > As > Cd, and all heavy metals contents were within the threshold limit values of the Chinese Control Standards for Pollutants in Sludge from Agriculture Use (GB4284-84). Four indices were used to assess the pollution and the ecological risk of heavy metals. By the mean values of the geoaccumulation index (I geo ), heavy metals were ranked in the following order: Cd > Zn > Cu > As > Cr > Ni > Pb. The values showed that the pollution of Zn in station 3 and Cd in station 1, 2, 3, 4, 8 and 9 were heavily; Cu in station 8 and 9, Zn in station 1, 2, 4, 8 and 9 and Cd in station 5 and 7 were moderately to heavily, and the accumulation of other heavy metals were not significant. The single-factor pollution index (PI) suggested that none of the stations had heavy metals contamination, except for Cu in station 9, Zn in station 3 and 8, and Cd in station 1 and 9, which were at a moderate level. According to the results of the Nemerow's synthetic pollution index (PN), sewage sludge from all stations was safe for land use with respect to heavy metals contamination, except for stations 3, 8 and 9, which were at the warning line. The monomial potential ecological risk coefficient (E i r ) revealed that heavy metals ecological risks in most stations were low. However, station 9 had a moderate risk for Cu; station 6 had a moderate risk, stations 5 and 7 had high risk, other stations had very high risk for Cd. According to the results of the potential ecological risk index (RI), station 1, 8 and 9 had high risk; station 2, 3, 4, 5 and 7 had a moderate risk, and station 6 had a low risk. The preliminary results indicated that the potential risk of land exposure to heavy metals in sewage sludge was relatively low, with Zn and Cd as the main contributor to the ecological risk for the applying of sewage sludge on land. Additionally, stations 3, 8 and 9 require more attention regarding the land applications related to heavy metals pollution.

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“…For metals in soil, there are three pathways by which humans may be exposed: ingestion, inhalation, and dermal contact [ 51 ]. These indicators are commonly used in assessing risk of metals in both urban and rural areas of China [ 22 , 52 , 53 , 54 ], especially, ingestion of soil particles have been found to be an unneglectable pathway of human exposure to metals for urban populations [ 55 , 56 ]. The average daily intake (ADI) of metals in soil is calculated according to Equations (4)–(6).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For example, a significant potential health risk associated with soils was determined in an industrial district in Tianjin [ 21 ]. The risk index (RI) values of topsoil samples in a county in Shanxi Province were >600 and the total carcinogenic risks (TCR) due to As, Cr, and Ni for children were higher than the threshold value (1.0 × 10 −4 ) [ 22 ]. However, while those previous studies largely focused on a single type of urban soil, comprehensive risk assessments of metals in the major types of urban soils in China are still lacking, as far as we know.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Risk Assessment of Metals in Urban Soils from a Typical Industrial City, Suzhou, Eastern China

Wang

Liu

Gong

et al. 2017

IJERPH

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Risk of metals in urban soils is less studied, compared to that in other types of soils, hindering accurate assessment of human exposure to metals. In this study, the concentrations of five metals (As, Cd, Cr, Pb, and Hg) were analyzed in 167 surface soil samples collected from Suzhou city and their potential ecological and human health risks were assessed. The mean concentrations of As, Cd, Pb, and Hg except Cr, were higher than the background values in Jiangsu Province. Metal concentrations varied among districts, where sites of high contamination showed a punctate distribution. Principal components and correlation analyses revealed that As, Pb, and Cd could originate from the same sources. The geo-accumulation (Igeo) and potential ecological risk indices (RI) were calculated and the relatively low values of Igeo (<0) and RI (<150) suggested generally low ecological risk. The noncarcinogenic risks of the metals were relatively low for Suzhou residents (i.e., average hazard index or HI: 0.1199 for adults and 0.5935 for children, <1), while the total carcinogenic risks (TCR) of Cr and As were acceptable (TCR in the range of 1.0 × 10−6 to 1.0 × 10−4). Children faced a higher threat than adults. Results of Monte-Carlo simulations were lower than those obtained from models using deterministic parameters. Of all the uncertain parameters, the ingestion rate and body weight were the most sensitive for adults and children, respectively, while As was an important factor for both. The results as well as the factors controlling risks of metals could help better understand the risks of metals in urban soils of industrial cities in China.

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Assessments of levels, potential ecological risk, and human health risk of heavy metals in the soils from a typical county in Shanxi Province, China

Cited by 139 publications

References 49 publications

Distribution, source identification, and ecological-health risks of potentially toxic elements (PTEs) in soil of thallium mine area (southwestern Guizhou, China)

Distribution, source identification, and ecological-health risks of potentially toxic elements (PTEs) in soil of thallium mine area (southwestern Guizhou, China)

Disposal Situation of Sewage Sludge from Municipal Wastewater Treatment Plants (WWTPs) and Assessment of the Ecological Risk of Heavy Metals for Its Land Use in Shanxi, China

Risk Assessment of Metals in Urban Soils from a Typical Industrial City, Suzhou, Eastern China

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