Assessment the Physico-Chemical Characteristics of Water and Sediment in Rosetta Branch, Egypt

Abstract

Water quality of Rosetta Branch may be changed by several factors in the last decades as a result of anthropogenic activities. So, it's important to study the physicochemical characteristics of both water and sediment in the Rosetta Branch. Two identified sources are the main origin of most pollutants in this branch, namely: El-Rahawy drain and industrial activities in Kafr El-Zayat city. From the data of water quality index (WQI) based on six important parameters (pH, T ˚C, DO, BOD, COD and TP), it indicates that site 2 (from Kom Hamada to Edfina) is more polluted than the other two sites (from El-Qanater El-Khairia to Kom Hamada and from Edfina to Rosetta). The concentrations of heavy metals increase in sites that are more affected by drainage water from different drains. Great efforts are needed and wastewater must be treated before draining it into the River Nile water.

Water Quality Investigation by Physicochemical Parameters of Drinking Water of Selected Areas of Kureken Sani, Kumbotso Local Government Area of Kano

“…The situation is worse in developing countries where many people especially the poor have opted to using the ground drinking water sources like boreholes, shallow wells, springs, as a source of drinking water and for other domestic use [6]. It was observed by [7] that, the cost of environmental degradation due to water changes i.e pollution is relatively high with serious health and quality of life consequences; as well as measuring the severity of water scarcity problems. Zyadah (1996) cited in [7] observed that, increasing water pollution does not only cause deterioration of water quality but also threatens human health, balance of aquatic ecosystems, economics development as well as social prosperity.…”

“…It was observed by [7] that, the cost of environmental degradation due to water changes i.e pollution is relatively high with serious health and quality of life consequences; as well as measuring the severity of water scarcity problems. Zyadah (1996) cited in [7] observed that, increasing water pollution does not only cause deterioration of water quality but also threatens human health, balance of aquatic ecosystems, economics development as well as social prosperity. Water of Selected Areas of Kureken Sani, Kumbotso Local Government Area of Kano Groundwater contamination has become a great problem due to rapid population growth industrialization and urbanization rate in the metropolitan cities all over the world [8].…”

Surface Water Quality Monitoring for River Nile, Egypt Using GIS-Techniques

“…The mean maximum air temperature ranges between 17.4˚C in January to 34.2˚C in July. in addition the total annual rainfall ranged between 38.1 -190.8 mm along the Branch from south at Shebin El-Kome city to the north at Rosetta city [23] [25].…”

“…The branch length is about 220 km and the average width about 180 m with an average depth varies between 1.5 -16.0 m [23]. The study area divided into five drains; Elrahawy, Sabal, Tala, El Tahreer and Zawiet El-Bahr.…”

“…They represent samples sites. Dry climate prevails in the study area according to the map of the world distribution of the arid regions, where the climatic conditions of the Nile Delta are similar to those of the northern part of Egypt [23] [24] [25]. However the along the Nile River the soil is rich and good to use for agriculture and growing crops.…”