Assessment of Water Quality and Pollution Index in Coastal Waters of Mimika, Indonesia

Abstract

A good water quality is essential to sustaining the life of the organisms. The determination of water quality is needed as a direction to monitoring the water pollution. The purpose of this study is to examine the quality of the water and to determine the water pollution index based on the physicochemical parameters in Mimika waters, Indonesia. The sampling of water quality was carried out in October 2016 at six stations (Moga, Puriri, Inaoga, Keakwa, Atuka and Pomako waters). Then, the results were compared with the standard of sea water quality for biota marine based on the Decree of the Minister of Environment No. 51 year 2004. This study showed that the physicochemical parameters of the waters, such as water turbidity, BOD, NH 3 and heavy metals (Hg, As, Cd, Pb, Cu, Zn, Ni and Cr), are still appropriate to the biota marine in all study stations. However, there is a parameter for which the quality standards were exceed in all locations, including water salinity for coral and seagrass, NO 3 , PO 4 and H 2 S. The result of pollution index calculation at coastal waters Mimika are classified as lightly polluted (Keakwa and Pomako waters), and moderately polluted (Moga, Puriri, Inaoga and Atuka waters) with the pollution index values of 3.51 to 6.95. It is important to notice that the parameters of quality standards which had been exceed such as NO 3 , PO 4 and H 2 S are the environmental parameter for nutrient elements and can trigger eutrophication in the waters.

Water Quality and Pollution Index in Grenjeng River, Boyolali Regency, Indonesia

“…Pollution index is a method or tool that can be used to provide information about water quality (Effendi et al, 2015;Tanjung et al, 2019) and provide an assessment with a single score on the parameters to interpret water quality (Li et al, 2016;Dunca, 2018;Wu et al, 2018). The Copyright © 2019 Universitas Sebelas Maret assessment results can be used as references for water quality.…”

“…Water is considered polluted if some required parameters have exceeded the maximum limit in accordance with the quality standards according to GR No.82/2001. PH value is a very important parameter to monitor water stability which is closely related to carbon dioxide (CO2) and alkalinity which can be interpreted that greater pH value has more alkali and less carbon dioxide levels (Mackereth et al, 1989;Le et al, 2018;Tanjung et al, 2019;Tian et al, 2019). The pH value ranges from 7 to 8.4 in dry season and from 6.8 to 7 in rainy season ( Figure 2).…”

“…Water quality pollutants such as TSS are affected by land use activities in the upstream area. Although the pollutants are not toxic, excessive suspended material can inhibit the penetration of sunlight which influences photosynthesis in the waters (Effendi, 2003;Widiadmoko, 2013;Rügner et al, 2019;Tanjung et al, 2019;Tian et al, 2019). Based on the suitability of waters for fisheries, the TSS content of the Grenjeng River water in dry season has little effect on fishery interests but is still suitable for class IV water needs (Effendi et al, 2015;Gashi et al, 2016).…”

“…Based on the suitability of waters for fisheries, the TSS content of the Grenjeng River water in dry season has little effect on fishery interests but is still suitable for class IV water needs (Effendi et al, 2015;Gashi et al, 2016). BOD shows the amount of dissolved oxygen needed by microorganisms in decomposing organic matter during aerobic conditions (Tanjung et al, 2019). The BOD value of the Grenjeng River water are very high in dry season, 53 mg L -1 (upstream) and 5.7 mg L -1 (downstream), while in the rainy season, the values experience the same trends, the BOD concentration from upstream 3.6 mg L -1 to leaving only in the downstream segment of 0.7 mg L -1 ( Figure 5).…”

Comparison of Chemical Properties of Peats under Different Land Uses in South Sumatra, Indonesia

“…Approximately 75-80% of the South Sumatra wetlands are peats and peaty soils. Peat conversion and reclamation had a positive impact on agricultural production (Operacz et al, 2019;Hamuna et al, 2019), especially oil palm and rubber), agriculture (rice and cereals), fisheries, livestock and forestry (Wildayana et al, 2016a;2016b). However, at the same time, its negative impacts on land resources and the environment should be fully considered, such as carbon emissions, greenhouse gases (Baranowska et al, 2019;Kišš et al, 2019), peat subsidence, soil fertility depletion and decrease of peat productivity (Könönen et al, 2015;Lampela et al, 2014;.…”