Assessment of Volatile Oil Composition, Phenolics and Antioxidant Activity of Bay (Laurus nobilis) Leaf and Usage in Cosmetic Applications

Abstract

In this study, the components of the volatile oil obtained from Laurus nobilis leaves by steam distillation were determined using Agilent 6890 Gas Chromatography (GC) -5975 Mass Spectrometry (MS). The antioxidant activities of different extracts of L. nobilis leaves were determined by using DPPH • (2,2-diphenyl-1picrylhydrazyl) free radical scavenging activity, β-carotene-linoleic acid bleaching assay and ABTS •+ (2,2'-azinobis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonic acid) cation radical decolorization assay. Determination of the total phenolic contents of L. nobilis leaf extracts were performed using the Folin-Ciocalteau procedure and total flavonoid contents were measured using a spectrophotometric assay. According to the GC/MS results, 1,8-cineole (46.16%), alpha-terpinyl acetate (10.62%), alpha-pinene (6.27%), terpinen-4-ol (5.07%) and sabinene (4.99%) were found to be the major compounds in volatile oil. The obtained volatile oil was used to make skin care lotion. Stability tests and organoleptic analyses of final product were performed after 1, 5, 30 and 90 days of production. The highest amounts of total flavonoid content were found to be 5.48 ± 0.65 and 8.60 ± 0.12 µg QEs/mg in ethyl acetate and ethanol extracts, respectively. The highest amounts of total phenolic compounds were found to be 54.42 ± 0.14 and 25.32 ± 0.10 µg PEs/mg in ethyl acetate and ethanol extracts, respectively. According to the results of ABTS •+ , DPPH • and β-carotene linoleic acid assays, ethyl acetate extract was found to be the most active extract (24.98±0.87 µg mL -1 , 75.65±0.77 µg mL -1 and 19.32±1.04 µg mL -1 ).

In vitro evaluation of antioxidant, antineurodegenerative and antidiabetic activities of Ocimum basilicum L., Laurus nobilis L. leaves and Citrus reticulata Blanco peel extracts

“…(2017) tested mandarin peels with different extraction methods and extraction solvents, and achieved the highest yield Kivrak et al (2017) have found that ethanolic extract of L. nobilis possess higher TFC than water extract, which is similar to our results, with noticeable higher TFC in methanolic extracts. Likewise, the ethanolic extract of bay leaves from Morocco had the highest TFC (Taroq et al, 2018).…”

“…obtained different amounts of TPC in the study of ethanolic extracts of leaves and stems of basil collected from different locations in Egypt and concluded that this difference may be due to various climatic, seasonal and geographical conditions of the locations. Such dissimilarities can be also noticed in our results among samples of different origin Kivrak et al (2017). analyzed four L. nobilis leaves extracts and found higher TPC in ethanolic extract compared to water extract.…”

“…Zhang et al (2018) have found that TFC for Chinese C. reticulata methanolic extracts ranged from 23.29 to 56.52 mg RE/g, which was evidently higher compared to our results (6.34-8.05 mg QE/g). Generally, literature data demonstrate that the TPC and TFC vary depending on the locality, season, applied solvent and the extraction procedure (Javanmardi et al, 2003;Kivrak et al, 2017;Muñiz-Márquez et al, 2014;Safdar et al, 2017). In our study ( Table 1) the statistical analysis showed that the sample origin had a significant influence on both TPC and TFC.…”

“…In the research of Ahmed et al (2019) ethanol extracts of basil from different locations exhibited stronger radical scavenging activity than that of synthetic antioxidant BHT, while in our study standards were significantly stronger than extracts in applied concentrations. Antioxidant activity study of Kivrak et al (2017) showed that water extract of L. nobilis had rather lower activity in all the applied assays compared to ethanolic extracts. Their findings are in accordance with our results for both used methods.…”

Fabrication of Antibacterial Cellulosic Films Using Essential Oils

“…Uçucu yağ eldesinde en sık değerlendirilen bitkiler arasında lavanta, fesleğen, karanfil, biberiye, defne ve tarçın yer almaktadır. Laurus nobilis (Akdeniz defnesi) güney Akdeniz sahasına özgü, yüksekliği 8-10 m'ye erişebilen, sürekli yeşil kalan ağaçsı bir çalı olup, yaprak ve meyveleri uçucu yağ eldesinde kullanılabilmektedir [10][11]. Yapraklarındaki uçucu yağ içeriği %1-3 aralığındadır ve ana bileşeni 1,8-cineole'dur.…”