Assessment of Veteran and Caregiver Knowledge About Mild Traumatic Brain Injury in a VA Medical Center

Block, Cady; Fabrizio, Katherine S.; Bagley, Beau J.; Hannah, Joanna; Camp, Susan; Mindingall, Nazaren; Labbe, Don; Lokken, Kristine

doi:10.1097/htr.0b013e3182886d78

Cited by 20 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 42 publications

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“…While concurrent TBI is a main risk factor for cognitive deficits after SCI, cognitive deficits and TBI do not overlap perfectly, and the discussion of cognitive deficits after SCI is more complicated than presence or absence of TBI. The influence of concurrent TBI on cognition and rehabilitation after SCI is clouded by several factors, including difficulties in accurately identifying cases, as well as misconceptions and misattributions about TBI (Block et al, 2014; Block, West, & Goldin, 2015; McKinlay, Bishop, & McLellan, 2011). Identifying cases for research can be difficult because TBI may not be diagnosed or diagnosed accurately, especially in acute settings.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cognition among community-dwelling individuals with spinal cord injury.

Cohen¹,

Tulsky²,

Holdnack³

et al. 2017

Rehabilitation Psychology

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Purpose/Objective To compare the cognitive profiles of a well-characterized sample of adults with and without spinal cord injury (SCI) using the NIH Toolbox – Cognition Battery (NIHTB-CB). Research Method/Design 156 community-dwelling individuals with SCI were recruited from three academic medical centers. 156 individuals without SCI were selected from the NIHTB-CB normative database. The main outcome measures were the demographically-adjusted NIHTB-CB subtest and composite scores. Results Individuals with and without SCI performed equivalently on the NIHTB-CB crystallized composite score, suggesting comparable premorbid functioning. Individuals with SCI produced lower scores on the NIHTB-CB fluid composite score by an average of 4.5 T-score points (Cohen’s d = 0.50; a medium effect size). As a group, individuals with SCI had the most difficulty on tests of processing speed and executive functions, and some difficulty on a test of episodic memory, although effect sizes were small. These differences remained even after accounting for fine motor speed and dexterity. Individuals with tetraplegia produced lower scores than individuals with paraplegia on tests of processing speed and executive functioning. Conclusions/Implications Community-dwelling individuals with SCI are at elevated risk of mild cognitive difficulties, particularly on tasks that rely on processing speed and executive functions. The NIHTB-CB is relatively brief, samples important cognitive domains, has good normative data, and is appropriate for some individuals with SCI (those who have functional use of one hand). The battery has standardized accommodations for individuals with minor motor limitations, but timed tests are inaccessible for individuals who are unable to perform a rapid button press.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cognition among community-dwelling individuals with spinal cord injury.

Cohen¹,

Tulsky²,

Holdnack³

et al. 2017

Rehabilitation Psychology

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“…Each of the TBI terms was search in conjunction with each of the other terms (eg, "TBI and knowledge," "TBI and beliefs," "TBI and misconceptions," "TBI and misperceptions") as well as a combination of the other terms (eg, "TBI and knowledge and beliefs") to yield the greatest number of relevant hits. Exclusionary criteria Table 1 A sampling of brain injury misconceptions Wearing seatbelts causes as many brain injuries as it prevents [1,4,6,14,15] Sometimes a second blow to the brain can help a person remember things that were forgotten [1,4,6,14,15] Even when people are in coma for a few weeks, as soon as they wake up, they can recognize and speak to others nearby [1,4,6,14,15] After a brain injury, people can forget who they are and not recognize others, but be normal in every other way [1,4,6,14,15] Emotional problems after brain injury are usually not related to brain damage [1,4,6,14,15] How quickly a person recovers depends mostly on how hard they work at recovering [1,4,6,14,15] Individuals with mild brain injury typically show symptoms that worsen over time [9] Individuals with mild brain injury often require disability [9] Individuals with mild brain injury can forget people they've known for years [9] Individuals with mild brain injury can completely forget who they are [9] included editorials, popular news pieces, and any articles not published in English.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It is important to also consider the impact of the Internet on TBI education. Block et al [9] observed that one-fifth of their sample of veterans and friends/family reported obtaining brain injury information from the Internet. A study of civilian and active duty military nurses [19] indicated that the majority of respondents (80.3% civilian and 84.2% military) endorsed the use of Internet searches to obtain information about mild TBI versus other means, like asking a colleague (73.6%; 78.7%), consulting articles (51.0%; 45.8%), or conferences (37.3%; 22.5%), respectively.…”

Section: Antecedents To Misconceptions: Demographics and Experientialmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…More than 70% of respondents were unable to recognize that one head injury places an individual at greater risk for sustaining a second. Perhaps more importantly, however, this article sparked interest in the knowledge, expectations, and beliefs about TBI, with an increasing number of publications in this area that examine the impact of various demographic variables on TBI knowledge (ie, age [2][3][4], gender [2,3,5], ethnicity [6], education [2,3,[6][7][8], and previous personal experience with brain injury (see Appendix) [1][2][3][4]9]).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…To date, various specific TBI-related misconceptions have been identified in the literature [2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9] (for examples, see Table 1). However, the underlying factors contributing to the development and maintenance of these misconceptions, and their impact on injury outcomes and quality of life for survivors of TBI, are largely unexplored.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Misconceptions and Misattributions About Traumatic Brain Injury: An Integrated Conceptual Framework

Block

West²,

Goldin³

2015

PM&R

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The objective of the present narrative review was to provide a conceptual framework to address common misconceptions in the field of traumatic brain injury (TBI) and enhance clinical and research practices. This framework is based on review of the literature on TBI knowledge and beliefs. The comprehensive search of the literature included seminal and current texts as well as relevant articles on TBI knowledge and education, misconceptions, and misattributions. Reviewed materials ranged from 1970 to 2013 and were obtained from PubMed and PubMed Central online research databases. Research findings from the reviewed literature were integrated with existing social and cognitive psychological concepts to develop a framework that includes: (1) the identification antecedents of TBI-related misconceptions and misattribution; (2) understanding of how inaccurate beliefs form and persist as the result of pre- and postinjury cognitive operations such as informational cascades and attribution biases; and (3) a discussion of ways in which these beliefs can result in consequences in all domains of a survivor's life, including physical and mental health, stigma, and discrimination. This framework is intended to serve as a first stage of development of a model that will improve treatment endeavors and service delivery to individuals with TBI and their families.

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