Assessment of tissue-specific accumulation, elimination and toxic effects of dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethanes (DDTs) in carp through aquatic food web

Abstract

Microcosms containing DDT spiked-sediment, Tubifex tubifex and carp (Cyprinus carpio) were constructed to simulate a freshwater system. The accumulation, elimination and toxic effects of DDT (p,p’-DDT, o,p’-DDT), and its metabolites DDD (p,p’-DDD, o,p’-DDD) and DDE (p,p’-DDE, o,p’-DDE) were studied in T. tubifex and carp. Tissue/organ distributions of DDTs were also investigated in carp. The bioaccumulation and elimination of DDT differed in T. tubifex, carp and its tissues/organs. Unimodal or bimodal distributions were observed, and the concentrations of DDT metabolites (DDD and p,p’-DDE) increased over time. The carp organ with the highest concentrations of DDTs (DDT, DDD and DDE) was the gill. The largest mass distribution of DDTs was also in gill, followed by muscle and gastrointestinal tract. Maximum levels of DDTs in whole carp and carp muscle were 161 and 87 ng/g, respectively; therefore, the levels of DDTs observed in carp in this study were insufficient to constitute a health concern if present in fish for human consumption. Significant changes were observed in some biomarkers, including superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione-S-transferase, glutathione, and carboxylesterase, in T. tubifex and carp tissues during DDT exposure. Tissue-specific accumulation of DDTs in carp can be a key indicator of exposure to environmentally relevant concentrations.

Endocrine Disruptors in Water and Their Effects on the Reproductive System

“…Less soluble pesticides such as dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT) and chlordane can adhere to sediment and can consequently persist in waterways for years [222]. Although DDT was banned in the US and many other countries around the world in the early 1970s, DDT and its metabolites are still being detected in drinking water sources globally [223,224].…”

Dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane Impairs Amyloid Beta Clearance by Decreasing Liver X Receptor α Expression

“…DDT is known to bioaccumulate in human and is negatively associated with cognitive scores (Kiyosawa et al, 2008 ; Kim et al, 2015 ). DDT will be metabolized into a major and more stable derivative, dichlorodiphenyldichloroethylene (DDE), which can accumulate in organs for a long time that are rich in adipose tissue, such as the brain (Di et al, 2017 ). Recently, the concept of an AD exposome was reviewed by Finch and Kulminski ( 2019 ).…”

Pesticide Residues in Botanics Used In Feed Additives: Focusing On Wild vs. Cultivable Plants

“…Consequently, the use of such a contaminated product such as herbal additives in animal feed could result in deleterious effects for animals and consumers. As livestock have a daily fed diet, if contaminated, residual pesticides may be accumulated in the animal tissue [14]. This consists of a bioaccumulation of chemical substances in the animal products like milk, meat, fat and eggs.…”