Assessment of Thyroid Hormones Level in Premenopausal and Postmenopausal Females

Farasat, Tasnim; Liaqat, Ayesha; Mughal, Tahira

doi:10.21065/19204159.3.179

Cited by 3 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…[10] This inhibits thyroid action and lowers the rate of metabolism in the body. Studies on the effect of menopause on thyroid function are commonly associated with reduced effective thyroid hormones, [11]- [13] and the fall in estrogen levels at menopause is linked to some disorders including cardiovascular diseases and the clinical presentation of pre-existing thyroid diseases, and other comorbidities. [14], [15] Increase in age and BMI has also been implicated in the changes in thyroid function.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessment Of The Effect Of Menopause On Thyroid Function In South East,Nigeria

A Duru,

Onyenemezu,

D Okeke

et al. 2023

IJHMR

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Menopause marks the end of a woman’s reproductive life and is associated with significant physiological changes. The thyroid gland plays an important role in regulating overall body metabolism including sexual development and reproductive function. Worldwide, thyroid gland diseases are among the most common endocrine disorders in females, especially those in menopause. This study evaluated the effect of menopause on thyroid function. Methodology: It was a case-control study among post-menopausal women in Nnewi, Anambra, Nigeria with pre-menopausal women serving as controls. Sampling was by simple random method and comprised 45 post-menopausal women matched with 45 premenopausal women in a ratio of 1:1. Data was obtained with the use of a semi-structured questionnaire. The subjects’ blood samples were taken and assayed for thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH), thyroxine (T4), and triiodothyronine (T3) by ELISA technique. Their body mass index (BMI) and blood pressure were obtained using standard procedures. Result: The mean serum levels of free T4 and TSH in the menopausal individuals were significantly higher compared to the premenopausal group. Following linear regression analyses with adjustment for age and BMI, the the average level of TSH and free T4 were higher in the study group, while free T3 level was lower. Also, systolic and diastolic blood pressure was significantly higher in the study group than in the control group. Conclusion: The findings suggest that menopause is associated with reduced thyroid function and could as a result play a role in cardiovascular disease play a role in cardiovascular dysfunction among women

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessment Of The Effect Of Menopause On Thyroid Function In South East,Nigeria

A Duru,

Onyenemezu,

D Okeke

et al. 2023

IJHMR

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“…Thyroidstimulating hormone (TSH) levels, particularly in females, may vary as a result of age-related changes in the body's regulatory mechanisms for thyroid hormone levels [3]. Additionally, there were few studies that showed the association of menopausal symptoms with thyroid disorders, while some studies did not demonstrate any correlation between menopausal symptoms with thyroid disorders [4][5][6]. Therefore, it is necessary to detect any abnormality in thyroid hormone levels in pre-and postmenopausal women so that early treatment can be initiated before the emergence of serious consequences.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Frequency of Thyroid Disorder in Pre- and Postmenopausal Women and Its Association With Menopausal Symptoms

Yadav¹,

Kose²,

Bhalerao³

2023

Cureus

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Background Thyroid hormone has a significant effect on women’s life. Its dysfunction is widespread, particularly among women over 50. Understanding how thyroid disease's clinical symptoms change with aging is crucial when treating peri-and postmenopausal women. Considering that 30% of India's population is female, the thyroid disease epidemic appears to affect Indian women more than any other ailment. Therefore, the main aim of the study was the detection of the frequency of thyroid disorder in pre and postmenopausal women and its association with menopausal symptoms. Methodology An analytical cross-sectional study was conducted at a tertiary care centre. All premenopausal and postmenopausal women attending the obstetrics and gynaecology department above 40 years of age, achieving natural menopause, and willing to participate were included in the study. Results A total of 150 women above 40 years of age were included in the study out of which 61 females were premenopausal age and 89 females were postmenopausal age. It was found that 53.3% were euthyroid, 13.3% had hypothyroidism, 3.4% had hyperthyroid, 23.3% had subclinical hypothyroidism, and 6.7% had subclinical hyperthyroidism. Menopausal symptoms when compared to thyroid disorder demonstrated that somatic symptoms did not differ significantly across different thyroid disorder, psychological symptoms consisting of depressive mood was more prevalent among hypothyroid and hyperthyroid female (P<0.05), and urogenital symptoms consisting of sexual problems and bladder dysfunction did not differ significantly (P>0.05) in different thyroid disorder. Conclusion The present study concludes that thyroid disorder is common among pre- and postmenopausal age group women. Therefore, timely detection and intervention should be taken into consideration, and even if the thyroid level is found to be normal still lifestyle modification and counselling can help in improving the quality of life.

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Evaluation of Serum TSH in Premenopausal and Post Menopausal Women in a Tertiary Care Hospital

Dadel¹,

Aziz²,

Oraon

2021

Global Journal for Research Analysis

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Objective- To evaluate and compare the level of TSH in premenopausal women (reproductive age group) and post-menopausal women. Material And Methods- The study was carried out on 100 premenopausal and 100 post-menopausal women attending Out Patient Departments at RIMS, Ranchi, during the period of January 2018- October 2019. Study Design: - Observational Study. Statistics- Statistical analysis was done using SPSS software. The data were represented by counts, percentage and mean ± standard deviation. Statistical analysis of TSH was done by t-test to compare these parameters in premenopausal and post-menopausal women. A p-value of <0.05 was considered statistically signicant. Result- In the present study, we found that the mean serum TSH level in postmenopausal women 2.72 (± 1.06) uIU/ml was comparatively higher than premenopausal women 2.29 (±1.12) uIU/ml and the difference between the two was statistically signicant (p<0.001). Conclusion- Thyroid hormones play an important role in maintaining normal reproductive behaviour by directly effecting on gonadal function and indirectly interacting with sex hormone binding protein. Alteration of thyroid hormone level leads to menstrual irregularities and infertility. The present study clearly demonstrated that there was signicant increase in TSH levels in post-menopausal women and was statistically signicant. Thus, it proved that postmenopausal women are more prone to subclinical hypothyroidism.

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Assessment of Thyroid Hormones Level in Premenopausal and Postmenopausal Females

Cited by 3 publications

References 18 publications

Assessment Of The Effect Of Menopause On Thyroid Function In South East,Nigeria

Assessment Of The Effect Of Menopause On Thyroid Function In South East,Nigeria

Frequency of Thyroid Disorder in Pre- and Postmenopausal Women and Its Association With Menopausal Symptoms

Evaluation of Serum TSH in Premenopausal and Post Menopausal Women in a Tertiary Care Hospital

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