Assessment of the utilization of equivalent warming impact metrics in refrigeration, air conditioning and heat pump systems

Mota-Babiloni, Adrián; Barbosa, Jader R.; Makhnatch, Pavel; Lozano, Jaime

doi:10.1016/j.rser.2020.109929

Cited by 47 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 72 publications

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“…It should be noticed that compared to the TEWI (Total Equivalent Warming Impact) indicator, which is widely used in assessing the CO2 impact of mechanical heat pumps [39], the proposed methodology goes further to assess MHP impact by integrating imported emissions: refrigerant on its whole life cycle, MHP manufacturing, etc.…”

Section: Carbon Footprint Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

Combined energetic, economic and climate change assessment of heat pumps for industrial waste heat recovery

Jovet¹,

Lefèvre²,

Laurent³

et al. 2022

Applied Energy

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Section: Carbon Footprint Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

Combined energetic, economic and climate change assessment of heat pumps for industrial waste heat recovery

Jovet¹,

Lefèvre²,

Laurent³

et al. 2022

Applied Energy

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“…TEWI is employed to measure the global warming impact of a cooling/heating sector. This environmental metric incorporates direct and indirect greenhouse gas emissions from a refrigeration system and can be defined as shown in Equation ( 23) [28]:…”

Section: Q C and −mentioning

confidence: 99%

Energy, Exergy, and Environmental (3E) Analysis of Hydrocarbons as Low GWP Alternatives to R134a in Vapor Compression Refrigeration Configurations

et al. 2021

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The phase-down of hydrofluorocarbons and substitution with low global warming potential values are consequences of the awareness about the environmental impacts of greenhouse gases. This theoretical study evaluated the energy and exergy performances and the environmental impact of three vapor compression system configurations operating with the hydrocarbons R290, R600a, and R1270 as alternatives to R134a. The refrigeration cycle configurations investigated in this study include a single-stage cycle, a cycle equipped with an internal heat exchanger, and a two-stage cycle with vapor injection. According to the results, the alternative hydrocarbon refrigerants could provide comparable system performance to R134a. The analysis results also revealed that using an internal heat exchanger or a flash tank vapor injection could improve the system’s efficiency while decreasing the heating capacity. The most efficient configuration was the two-stage refrigeration cycle with vapor injection, as revealed by the exergy analysis. The environmental impact analysis indicated that the utilization of environmentally-friendly refrigerants and improving the refrigeration system’s efficiency could mitigate equivalent CO2 emissions significantly. The utilization of hydrocarbons reduced the carbon footprint by 50%, while a 1% to 8% reduction could be achieved using the internal heat exchanger and flash tank vapor injection.

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“…Although direct emissions due to refrigerants with low GWP are negligible compared to the case of HFCs, the increase in energy consumption (and consequently indirect emissions) due to the loss of refrigerant charge is significant [7]. A critical review of the parameters used for the assessment of the environmental impact of RACHP (Refrigeration, Air Conditioning, Heat Pump) systems has been conducted by Mota-Babiloni et al [8].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Refrigerated Transport: State of the Art, Technical Issues, Innovations and Challenges for Sustainability

2021

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The cold chain is responsible for perishable products preservation and transportation, maintaining a proper temperature to slow biological decay processes. Often the efficiency of the cold chain is less than ideal, significantly increasing food waste and energy consumption. Refrigerated transport is a critical phase of the cold chain because of its negative impact on energy consumption and greenhouse gas emissions. It is estimated that around 15% of global fossil fuel energy is used in the refrigerated transport sector, so there has been a growing interest in the last decades in the optimization of these systems in order to reduce their environmental impact. Vapor compression refrigeration units, usually powered by means of a diesel engine, are the most commonly used systems in road refrigerated transport. This paper provides a review of (a) currently used systems and alternative technologies that could reduce the environmental impacts of road refrigerated transport and (b) optimization models and methods used to minimize fuel/energy consumption and greenhouse gas emissions, focusing both on reducing the thermal loads and solving the refrigerated vehicle routing problem.

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Assessment of the utilization of equivalent warming impact metrics in refrigeration, air conditioning and heat pump systems

Cited by 47 publications

References 72 publications

Combined energetic, economic and climate change assessment of heat pumps for industrial waste heat recovery

Combined energetic, economic and climate change assessment of heat pumps for industrial waste heat recovery

Energy, Exergy, and Environmental (3E) Analysis of Hydrocarbons as Low GWP Alternatives to R134a in Vapor Compression Refrigeration Configurations

Refrigerated Transport: State of the Art, Technical Issues, Innovations and Challenges for Sustainability

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