Assessment of the Toxic Potential of Carbosulfan in Rats Following Subchronic Treatment

Aged garlic extract ameliorates immunotoxicity, hematotoxicity and impaired burn-healing in malathion- and carbaryl-treated male albino rats

“…Hematological parameters have been widely used to evaluate the toxic activity of some industrial compounds, drugs, dyes, heavy metals, and pesticides (Zidan and Galal, 2012). Here, the normocytic normochromic anemia, thrombocytopenia, and prolongation of clotting time shown in insecticides-only-treated rats were in agreement with other studies reporting the hematotoxic activity of many different organophosphate and carbamate insecticides in experimental animals, which may be attributed to a decrease in hematopoiesis due to bone marrow suppression, an increase in the rate of erythrocytes breakdown, internal hemorrhage, and a reduction in clotting factors production resulting from liver toxicity (Rezg et al, 2007;Muthuviveganandavel et al, 2008;Kundu and Roychoudhury, 2009;Ahmed, 2012;Zidan and Galal, 2012;AL-Gehani, 2013;Dhouib et al, 2014). Under normal conditions, erythrocyte is resistant to hemolysis resulting from peroxidative reactions (which enhance erythrocytes membrane lipid peroxidation and injury) by the presence of catalase and glutathione.…”

“…Other studies also reported the immunosuppressive activity of malathion and carbaryl in animals (Seth et al, ; Ahmed, ; Jorsaraei et al, ). In addition, it was found that malathion induced shrinkage and distortion of lymphatic follicles of the spleen and degeneration of most bone marrow cells (Ahmed, ), while carbaryl reduced the weights and cellularity of lymphoid organs and impaired the immune function of splenocytes (Dhouib et al, ; Jorsaraei et al, ). Moreover, Zabrodskii et al () reported that subacute exposure of rats to malathion suppressed both humoral and cellular immune responses as well as significantly decreased the level of blood cytokines.…”

“…Moreover, Zabrodskii et al () reported that subacute exposure of rats to malathion suppressed both humoral and cellular immune responses as well as significantly decreased the level of blood cytokines. Also, carbaryl induced immunotoxic effects in rats through suppressing the functions of lymphocytes and macrophages, inhibiting T‐cell proliferation, and unbalancing T‐helper‐1/T‐helper‐2 immune responses (Dhouib et al, ; Jorsaraei et al, ). On the other hand, the monocytosis showed in malathion‐only‐treated rats may reflect the increase in oxidative tissue damage caused by malathion, as reported by Kundu and Roychoudhury ().…”

Toxicological effects of carbosulfan in rats

“…In rats exposed to carbosulfan, the elevated level of LPO in the liver, kidney, and brain suggested that there was increased production of ROS. ROS are known to attack the unsaturated, fatty acid side chains of phospholipids, degrade tissue biomembranes, and damage DNA and proteins resulting in various harmful consequences (Dhouib et al, 2014). Previous investigations have reported the induction of LPO in rats by pesticides such as paraquat (Chang et al, 2009), chlorpyrifos (Mansour and Mossa, 2010), methomyl (Manawadi and Kaliwal, 2010), dimethoate (Amara et al, 2012), deltamethrin (Dubey et al, 2014), and diazinon (Demerdash and Nasr, 2014).…”