Assessment of the risk of pressure ulcer during the perioperative period: Adaptation of the Munro scale to Turkish

Munro Pressure Ulcer Risk Assessment Scale in Adult Patients Undergoing General Anesthesia in the Operating Room

“…The universal assessment scale lacks items that pertain to specific risk factors; it therefore has a low predictive value for pressure ulcers and is unable to provide a comprehensive evaluation of pressure ulcer risk [ 16 ]. Some studies have shown that patients cannot be evaluated for the pressure ulcer risk factors in the process of operation after surgery, but only take the surgical patients as ordinary inpatients for pressure ulcer risk assessment [ 17 ]. The Munro Pressure Ulcer Risk Assessment Scale (adult version) is used to assess the risk of pressure ulcers during the perioperative period, which can be divided into preoperative, intraoperative, and postoperative periods to facilitate patient evaluation.…”

AORN Position Statement on Prevention of Perioperative Pressure Injury

“…2 When a tool has been studied for reliability and validity in the population of interest, data about the tool's ability to identify or predict a condition in a patient population is understood. [9][10][11] Alternatively, diagnostic tests may be studied for sensitivity and specificity. 12,13 Detailed information about tools for assessing a patient's risk for pressure injury is available in the AORN Guideline for Prevention of Perioperative Pressure Injury.…”

“…Using a standardized risk assessment tool validated for use in perioperative patients and specific to the age of the patient being assessed increases the likelihood of correctly identifying the patient’s risk for perioperative pressure injury development 2 . When a tool has been studied for reliability and validity in the population of interest, data about the tool’s ability to identify or predict a condition in a patient population is understood 9‐11 . Alternatively, diagnostic tests may be studied for sensitivity and specificity 12,13 .…”

Pressure injury in the perioperative period during COVID-19 pandemic: Incidence and patient-related risk factors in a hospital in Turkey

“…The incidence of PI was first spotted by Hicks in patients who underwent surgery, and it was between 4% and 38% in Europe [ 4 , 5 ], whereas it was found to be 54.8% in a study carried out in Turkey [ 6 ]. In addition, varying incidences of PI are thought to depend both on healthcare settings [ 3 ] (intensive treatment units, medical and surgical clinics) and on factors such as old age, obesity, immobilization, the attributes of the operating table used, and wet skin [ 7 ]. In the literature, it has been stressed that one-fourth of PI cases in hospitals takes place during surgery [ 7 ] and having to stay in the same position for a long time during the surgery is the most significant cause of the increase in the risk of the development of PI [ 7 , 8 ].…”

“…In addition, varying incidences of PI are thought to depend both on healthcare settings [ 3 ] (intensive treatment units, medical and surgical clinics) and on factors such as old age, obesity, immobilization, the attributes of the operating table used, and wet skin [ 7 ]. In the literature, it has been stressed that one-fourth of PI cases in hospitals takes place during surgery [ 7 ] and having to stay in the same position for a long time during the surgery is the most significant cause of the increase in the risk of the development of PI [ 7 , 8 ]. Furthermore, it is pointed out that the posture the patient has to maintain in the operating room and the duration of the operation are significant factors triggering the risk of developing PI [ 9 ].…”