Assessment of the quality of bottled water marketed in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia

Yilkal, E.; Zewge, Feleke; Chandravanshi, Bhagwan Singh

doi:10.4314/bcse.v33i1.3

Cited by 15 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…As part of the investigation, 100 drinking water samples were assessed for bacterial purity, pH, total plate count, total coliform count, faecal coliform count, and faecal streptococcal count (Yilkal et al, 2019). One hundred samples of drinking water were used to conduct the study.…”

Section: Bottled Watermentioning

confidence: 99%

A comparative study of bottled and tap water in Abbottabad city: Implications for stakeholders

Ahmad,

Khan,

Baig

2024

10.5267/j.jfs

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Access to safe drinking water is essential for human health. In Abbottabad, tap and bore water are commonly used, but there has been a recent increase in bottled water consumption. This study aimed to compare tap and bottled water quality in Jinnahabad, Abbottabad. Physicochemical and bacteriological analysis was conducted on water samples collected from various sources. Surveys and interviews were also conducted to assess consumer perceptions and costs. The study found that, on average, bottled water had better physicochemical quality, although both alternatives met WHO limits. Tap water had higher levels of E. coli due to a weak sanitation system. Interestingly, despite perceiving bottled water as safer, most respondents still consumed tap water daily. Shopkeepers reported higher bottled water purchases for travel but lower daily consumption. Tap water was the main source, according to the Cantonment Board Abbottabad, though resources were insufficient. Doctors confirmed tap water-related diseases. The study suggests further research into consumer behavior and recommends monitoring measures, staff evaluations, and penalties to reduce costs and waste.

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Section: Bottled Watermentioning

confidence: 99%

A comparative study of bottled and tap water in Abbottabad city: Implications for stakeholders

Ahmad,

Khan,

Baig

2024

10.5267/j.jfs

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“…The traceability of chemical compositions in bottled waters has been a matter of debate worldwide [15] , [16] , [17] , [18] . Fig.…”

Section: Data Descriptionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Isotopic composition and major ion concentrations of national and international bottled waters in Costa Rica

et al. 2021

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Global bottled water consumption has largely increased (14.35 billion gallons in 2020) [1] , [2] , [3] , [4] , [5] during the last decade since consumers are demanding healthier and safer forms of rehydration. Bottled water sources are normally labeled as mountainous and pristine mineral springs (fed by rainfall and snow/glacier melting processes), deep groundwater wells or industrial purified water. The advent of numerous international and national-based bottled water brands has simultaneously raised a worldwide awareness related to the water source and chemical content traceability [6] . Here, we present the first database of stable isotope compositions and reported chemical concentrations from imported and national-based bottled waters in Costa Rica. In total, 45 bottled waters produced in Costa Rica and 31 imported from USA, Europe, Oceania, and other countries of Central America were analyzed for δ 18 O, δ 2 H, and d -excess. Chemical compositions were obtained from available bottle labels. National-based bottle waters ranged from -2.47‰ to -10.65‰ in δ 18 O and from -10.4‰ to -78.0‰ in δ 2 H, while d -excess varied from +4.2‰ up to +17.0‰. International bottle waters ranged between -2.21‰ and -11.03‰ in δ 18 O and from -11.3‰ up to -76.0‰ in δ 2 H, while d -excess varied from +5.0‰ up to +19.1‰. In Costa Rica, only 19% of the brands reported chemical parameters such as Na + , K + , Ca +2 , Mg +2 , F − , Cl − , NO 3 − , SO 4 −2 , CO 3 −2 , SiO 2 , dry residue, and pH; whereas 27% of the international products reported similar parameters. The absence of specific geographic coordinates or water source origin limited a spatial analysis to validate bottled water isotope compositions versus available isoscapes in Costa Rica [7] . This database highlights the potential and relevance of the use of water stable isotope compositions to improve the traceability of bottled water sources and the urgent need of more robust legislation in order to provide detailed information (i.e., water source, chemical composition, purification processes) to the final consumers.

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“…Bottled water is one of the few sources of safe drinking water in developing countries; it has become an evolving worldwide enterprise and bottled water use keeps on enhancing quickly in the world, especially in those countries, where fresh drinking tap water is usable at a nominal price or free of cost (Rosemann, 2005;Wilk, 2006;Yilkal et al, 2019). The global bottled water industry comprises annually about 89 billion liters with a predicted value of $22 billion and about 75% industry is handled by local traders.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Use and Quality of Bottled Water in Bahawalpur City, Pakistan: An Overview

Mohsin

Safdar

Minallah³

et al. 2019

IJEEG

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As a basic need of human life, the place of safe potable water cannot be ignored elsewhere. Therefore, themain objective of the current study was to take an overview of the main source of water, expenditure on waterpurchasing and use quality of bottled water in Bahawalpur city. Primary data were gathered through a structuredquestionnaire during a field survey in selected five residential areas as sample sites i.e. Model town A, Model town B,Shahdrah, Satellite town, and Islami colony, while the secondary data were collected from PCRWR and a few websources. Data were gathered from 150 respondents (30 from each study site) and analyzed in SPSS 17 software byapplying descriptive statistics (frequencies and percentages) to get a generalized picture regarding the main source ofwater, use and quality of bottled water in the study area. Findings make it clear that majority of the respondents werefetching water from government filtration plants following the electric pumps. Moreover, various local watercompanies (e.g. Pineo, Piyas, Aquafina, Kinley, Al-Shiffa, Life Water) were also supplying water in the study area.Particularly, the use and demand for bottled water are increasing day by day as people have serious concerns on qualityrelated issues of water. Bottled water was available in different quantities from 0.5 liters to 19 liters with respectiveprices that were purchased from various departmental and medical stores or via home delivery service. But the qualityof the bottled water was not satisfactory and up to the standards. The PCRWR laboratory analysis of bottled watersamples show significant variations and alarmingly different brands i.e. Blue water, Kalash pure water and Pan Purawere found chemically and microbiologically unfit for drinking purposes. So, it is suggested that regular monitoringand quality control steps by local government in the private sector would ensure the effective and secure potable waterdeliverance.

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Assessment of the quality of bottled water marketed in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia

Cited by 15 publications

References 19 publications

A comparative study of bottled and tap water in Abbottabad city: Implications for stakeholders

A comparative study of bottled and tap water in Abbottabad city: Implications for stakeholders

Isotopic composition and major ion concentrations of national and international bottled waters in Costa Rica

Use and Quality of Bottled Water in Bahawalpur City, Pakistan: An Overview

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