Assessment of the Potential Role of Silymarin Alone or in Combination with Vitamin E and/ or Curcumin on the Carbon Tetrachloride Induced Liver Injury in Rat

Al-Rasheed, Nouf M.; Faddah, L. M.; Sharaf, Iman A.; Mohamed, Azza M.; Baky, Nayira A. Abdel

doi:10.1590/s1516-891320150232

Cited by 10 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 42 publications

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“…On the contrary, it improved the antioxidant capacity and decreased the oxidative stress markers. These results are in accordance with the previous reports suggested that SIL possess antioxidant, antiapoptotic, anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory properties (Al-Rasheed et al, 2015Fraschini et al, 2002;Karimi et al, 2011;Pradeep et al, 2007). The hepatoprotective role of SIL was suggested to be due to its enhancement of CYP2E1 activity which has a major role in drug metabolism (Dejanovic et al, 2014;Jorgačević et al, 2014;Mahli et al, 2015;Wong et al, 1998).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

Inulin nanoparticles and silymarin counteract chlorpromazine-induced injury in the liver and kidney of rats

Abdel-Wahhab¹,

Eid²,

Ahmed³

et al. 2017

J App Pharm Sci

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The aim of the current study was to evaluate the protective role of inulin nanoparticles (INPs) prepared by the emulsion method alone or plus silymarin (SIL) against chlorpromazine (CPZ)-induced hepatonephrotoxicity in rats. Eleven groups of female Sprague-Dawley rats were treated orally for 3 weeks as follow: control group, the group treated with CPZ (38.7 mg/kg. b.w in 1 ml saline each 72 h), the groups treated with INPs at low (100 mg/kg b.w) or high (200 mg/ kg b.w) dose, the group treated with SIL (50 mg/kg b.w), the groups treated with SIL plus INPs at the two doses and the groups treated with CPZ plus SIL and INPs at the two tested doses. At the end of the treatment period, blood and tissue samples were collected for different biochemical and histological analyses. The results indicated that CPZ induced significant disturbances in liver and kidney function indices, oxidative stress markers, lipid profile, antioxidant enzyme activity and DNA fragmentation as well as the histological changes in the liver and kidney. SIL alone or plus INPs alone at the low or high dose induce insignificant changes in all the tested parameters or pathological changes in the liver and kidney. SIL and INPs at the two doses could induce a pronounced protection in liver and kidney of CPZ-treated animals due to their antioxidant activity and the role of INPs in the enhancement of SIL solubility. It could be concluded that INPs is a promise drug delivery for SIL and could prevent the liver and kidney injury induced by CPZ.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

Inulin nanoparticles and silymarin counteract chlorpromazine-induced injury in the liver and kidney of rats

Abdel-Wahhab¹,

Eid²,

Ahmed³

et al. 2017

J App Pharm Sci

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“…The elevated serum ALT activity is consistent with the findings of several previous studies. [ 10 33 34 ] A number of histopathological alterations including necrosis, degenerated hepatocytes, inflammatory cells infiltration, dilated hepatic sinusoids, steatosis, and large patches of fibrous tissue are evident in CCl 4 -intoxicated rats. The present findings demonstrate that treatment of the intoxicated rats with SIL, alone and combined with CA and/or ME, potentially attenuated CCl 4 -induced hepatocellular injury.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The present findings demonstrate that treatment of the intoxicated rats with SIL, alone and combined with CA and/or ME, potentially attenuated CCl 4 -induced hepatocellular injury. Several studies have clearly reported that SIL,[ 10 34 ] CA[ 27 ] and ME[ 35 ] alleviated serum transaminases and histopathological alterations in rats. Interestingly, combination of SIL with CA or ME significantly ameliorated serum ALT and liver histological findings when compared with SIL alone.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The anti-inflammatory efficacy of SIL in CCl 4 -induced rats has been reported in a number of studies. [ 10 ] Previous work conducted by Shalan et al .,[ 42 ] Shaker et al . [ 43 ] and Rasool et al .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It protects against liver injury induced by radiation, alcohol abuse, ischemia, iron overload, environmental toxins, and CCl 4 . [ 8 9 10 ] The antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-apoptotic, and immunomodulating effects of SIL have also been reported. [ 11 ]…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Protective effects of silymarin, alone or in combination with chlorogenic acid and/or melatonin, against carbon tetrachloride-induced hepatotoxicity

et al. 2016

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Objective:The aim of this study was to evaluate the hepatoprotective effects of silymarin (SIL), alone and combined with chlorogenic acid (CA) and/or melatonin (ME), using a rat model of carbon tetrachloride (CCl4)-induced injury.Materials and Methods:Hepatotoxicity was induced by a single dose of CCl4 (1 ml/kg, IP). One day after, rats were received SIL (200 mg/kg) alone or in combination with CA (60 mg/kg) and/or ME (20 mg/kg) for 21 days.Results:SIL significantly decreased serum alanine aminotransferase, inflammatory cytokines, and vascular endothelial growth factor levels. Histological alterations, fibrogenesis, oxidative DNA damage, inflammatory mediators, and caspase-3 activity were significantly attenuated in SIL treated CCl4-intoxicated rats. On the other hand, cytochrome P450 2E1 activity showed a significant decrease in the liver of CCl4-intoxicated rats, an effect that was reversed following treatment with SIL. All beneficial effects of SIL were markedly potentiated when combined with CA and/or ME.Conclusions:These data indicate that SIL, alone and combined with CA and/or ME, protected the liver against CCl4-induced hepatotoxicity via attenuating inflammation, oxidative DNA damage, apoptosis, and fibrotic changes. The significantly intensified hepatoprotective effects of SIL when combined with both CA and ME suggest a possible synergism. These synergistic effects need to be further confirmed using detailed studies.SUMMARY Silymarin, chlorogenic acid and melatonin possess in vivo hepatoprotective activitySilymarin, chlorogenic acid and melatonin attenuate fibrogenesis, oxidative DNA damage, inflammation and apoptosisChlorogenic acid and melatonin enhance the hepatoprotective effect of silymarin. Abbreviations used: SIL: silymarin, CA: chlorogenic acid, ME: melatonin, CCl4: carbon tetrachloride, CYP2E1, cytochrome P450 2E1, ALT: alanine aminotransferase, IL-6: interleukin 6, IFN-γ: interferon gamma, VEGF: vascular endothelial growth factor, TNF-α: tumor necrosis factor alpha, CRP: C-reactive protein, 8-OxodG: 8-Oxo-2’-deoxyguanosine, TGF-B1: transforming growth factor beta 1, HSCs: hepatic stellate cells.

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Cakes fortified with papaya seeds effectively protects against CCl4-induced immunotoxicity

Gazwi,

Soltan,

Abdel-Hameed

2023

Environ Sci Pollut Res

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Maintaining a robust immune system and safeguarding the liver from toxins are crucial for overall health. The study aimed to investigate the immunostimulant effects of papaya seed-enriched cakes (CPS) in countering carbon tetrachloride (CCl4)-induced immunocytotoxicity in rats (n = 48). The rats were divided into six groups (8 each): a control group (Group 1), rats fed cakes containing 15% papaya seeds (Group 2 — CPS), rats exposed only to CCl4 (Group 3 — CCl4), rats injected with CCl4 and administered silymarin (Group 4 — CCl4 + S), rats receiving both CCl4 and cakes with papaya seeds (Group 5 — CCl4 + CPS), and rats receiving both CCl4 and silymarin with papaya seed-enriched cakes (Group 6 — CCl4 + CPS + S). HPLC analysis of papaya seeds revealed the presence of ten polyphenol compounds, with quercetin, apigenin, and catechin identified as major flavonoids, along with pyrogallol, ellagic, and gallic acid as predominant phenolic acids. These compounds displayed potent antioxidant activity, attributed to the seeds’ high total phenolic and flavonoid content. The administration of CCl4 significantly affected hematological parameters, liver enzymes, hepatic oxidative stress, levels of TNF-α, IL-6, IgG, as well as IgM. However, rats fed with CPS exhibited mitigation of CCl4-induced toxic effects on hematological parameters and hepatotoxicity. CPS consumption enhanced the antioxidant system, improved inflammatory markers, and immune parameters, restoring them to normal levels. Histopathological analysis confirmed CPS’s ability to reduce CCl4-induced hepatocellular necrosis. Immunohistochemical assessment further revealed reduced immunoreactivity against cleaved caspase-3 expression and increased COX2 immunoreactivity, indicating hepatocellular regeneration in CPS. The combination of CPS and silymarin demonstrated even more notable improvements, suggesting augmented protective impacts against CCl4-induced immunosuppression and hepatotoxicity. In conclusion, CPS exhibited antioxidant properties and effectively protected against CCl4-induced immunotoxicity and hepatotoxicity, with additional benefits observed when combined with silymarin. These findings emphasize the potential health advantages of incorporating papaya seeds into food products, promoting immune system health, and safeguarding against liver damage induced by hazardous agents like CCl4.

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Assessment of the Potential Role of Silymarin Alone or in Combination with Vitamin E and/ or Curcumin on the Carbon Tetrachloride Induced Liver Injury in Rat

Cited by 10 publications

References 42 publications

Inulin nanoparticles and silymarin counteract chlorpromazine-induced injury in the liver and kidney of rats

Inulin nanoparticles and silymarin counteract chlorpromazine-induced injury in the liver and kidney of rats

Protective effects of silymarin, alone or in combination with chlorogenic acid and/or melatonin, against carbon tetrachloride-induced hepatotoxicity

Cakes fortified with papaya seeds effectively protects against CCl4-induced immunotoxicity

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