Assessment of the Piezoelectric Response of an Epoxy Resin/SbSINanowires Composite Filling FDM Printed Grid

Abstract

This paper shows a piezoelectric response from an innovative sensor obtained by casting epoxy-SbSI (antimony sulfoiodide) nanowires nanocomposite to a grid structure printed using a fuse deposition modeling (FDM) method. The grid is shown to be a support structure for the nanocomposite. The applied design approach prospectively enables the formation of sensors with a wide spectrum of shapes and a wide applicability. The voltage signal obtained as a result of the piezoelectric effect reached 1.5V and 0.5V under a maximum static stress of 8.5 MPa and under a maximum dynamic stress of 22.3 kPa, respectively. These values are sufficient for potential application in sensor systems. The effect of a systematic increase in the voltage signal with subsequent cycles was also observed, which similarly allows the use of these sensors in monitoring systems for structures exposed to unfavorable cyclical loads. The obtained results also show that the piezoelectric signal improves with increase in strain rate.

Fused deposition modeling based polymeric materials and their performance: A review

“…[ 5,36–39 ] In this regard, micro‐ and nanoparticle‐filled composites have also been developed and investigated by various researchers. [ 40–44 ] Recycled materials have also been used in filament manufacturing in recent years. [ 45–50 ] The reuse of materials through additive manufacturing (AM) motivates the sustainable development of composites.…”

Polymer Composites Based on Polycarbonate (PC) Applied to Additive Manufacturing Using Melted and Extruded Manufacturing (MEM) Technology

“…In technology, an object is built by selectively applying a molten material layer by layer along a predetermined path [ 5 ]. MEM is characterized by high versatility, relative simplicity and low cost of both tools and input materials [ 8 ]. Typically, Melted and Extruded Manufacturing products are used as conceptual prototypes rather than as functional elements, primarily due to the lack of excellent performance properties.…”

“…These limitations prompted researchers to develop various types of solutions that will allow obtaining MEM parts with increased strength [ 7 , 9 ]. Therefore, scientists conducted a complete study to optimize the main parameters of the process [ 8 ], including layer thickness, nozzle temperature, platform temperature, printing speed, raster angle, feed speed and printing orientation. Unfortunately, the correction of printing parameters did not bring the expected results of a significant change in the properties of the part, so now scientists have focused on the appropriate selection of the material and on ways to modify the properties of the materials used [ 3 , 10 , 11 ].…”

X-ray Diffraction and Piezoelectric Studies during Tensile Stress on Epoxy/SbSI Nanocomposite

“…The most frequently used structures and/or systems of strain gauges are mainly microchips, but also optical sensors and integrated piezoelectric sensors [ 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 , 5 , 6 , 7 ]. The last group of sensors has a particularly large application potential, due to the possibility of introducing piezoelectric material in the form of a powder into the resin and placing it in a specific layer of the laminate so that the generated current signal best describes the deformation of the structure [ 7 , 8 , 9 ]. The use of piezoelectric materials as structural elements of FRP (fiber reinforced polymer) composites allows for in situ monitoring of the current deformations of laminate structures [ 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 , 5 , 6 , 7 ].…”

“…as gas sensors [ 33 ], humidity sensors [ 29 ], photoelectronic devices [ 34 , 35 , 39 ] or for water purification [ 30 , 31 , 38 ]. Previous studies focused on the fabrication and examination of polymer-based composites filled with SbSI nanowires showing that this type of functional composites can also be applied as, e.g., strain sensors in FRP structures [ 7 , 8 , 9 , 14 , 36 ], piezoelectric nanogenerators [ 26 , 36 ], energy harvesting or smart textiles [ 36 , 37 ].…”