Assessment of the Physicochemical and Bacteriological Quality of Public Swimming Pool in Selected Hotels in Ado-Ekiti, Nigeria

Abstract

The physicochemical and bacteriological assessment of pool water samples from selected hotels in Ado-Ekiti, Nigeria was investigated. A total of 10 pool water samples were collected from five pools before and after use following standard procedures. Physicochemical and bacteriological analyses were performed using standard methods. Antibiotic sensitivity testing was carried out according to CLSI procedures. Physicochemical analyses showed that the pool water samples were clear and colourless. The different parameters examined for each of the hotel showed varying degree of values. On the average, it was observed that values for turbidity, temperature and total dissolved solids were above the WHO and EPA permissible limit after use. The total bacterial, coliform and Escherichia coli counts of the pool water samples were higher after use than before use. A total of 21 isolates were recovered and presumptively identified as Enterococcus faecalis, Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. From among the 21 isolates, 14 (66.7%) were Escherichia coli, 5 (23.8%) were Enterococcus faecalis while only 2 (9.5%) were Pseudomonas aeruginosa. All the isolates tested for antibiotic sensitivity showed considerable resistance to some of the antibiotics used. Findings from this study showed that some of the pools sampled did not meet up to WHO and EPA standards. Hence, the need for an effective and urgent intervention in constant monitoring of recreational facility to safeguard the health of the pool users.

Physicochemical Quality of Public Swimming Pools in Yenagoa Metropolis, Bayelsa State, Nigeria

“…Although, this agreed with the studies of Onifade, et al [9], Ajadi, et al [10], and Yedeme, et al [11]. On the other hand, it was not in agreement with the studies of Clark, et al [12], Edimeh, et al [13], and Onifade, et al [14]. High temperature values have been attributed to the prevailing weather condition [14,15].…”

Assessment of the Bacteriological Quality of Three Recreational Water Centres in Port Harcourt, Rivers State, Nigeria

“…Helena Haven Hotel Swimming Pool (HHHSP) had no bacterial growth, which could be as a result of treatment of the swimming pool before collection of the sample. Onifade et al, (2019) in their studies also reported that the total bacteria, coliform and Escherichia coli counts of pool water samples were higher after use than before use. The organisms identified are Staphylococcus epidermidis, Staphylococcus aureus, Klebsiella and Micrococcus species.…”

“…and Staphylococcus aureus 2 (5%). Similarly, Onifade et al, (2019) also identified Escherichia coli (66.7%), Enterococcus faecalis (23.8%)and Pseudomonas aeruginosa(9.5%), while analyzing the bacteriological quality of public swimming pools in selected hotels in Ado-Ekiti, Nigeria. These different organisms continue to grow and multiplys uch that their population increases to a density that could result in illnesses like cutaneous, gastrointestinal or respiratory tract diseases in the users (Santhini et al, 2018).…”

Susceptibility of Staphylococcus aureus, and Candida albicans isolated from an Outdoor Swimming Pool in Abraka, Delta State, Nigeria

“…More so, notably infected persons with skin infections as well as life-threatening diseases caused by these pathogens are not screened out from using the pool (Ajadi and Thonda, 2017). Similarly, C. albicans, a diploid filamentous fungus; is opportunistic in nature indicted in causing oral and genital infection diseases in humans (Ryan and Ray, 2004) invading men using hyphae (Peters et al, 2012;Onifade et al, 2019). The reduced number of isolates after the change of water has exonerated biofilms formations along the pipes as another probable means of contaminating the pool.…”