Assessment of the Microbial Content of Periodontal Pockets in Patients With Chronic Generalized Periodontitis and Coronary Artery Disease

Abstract

The aim: To study the rate of detection of specific periodontopathogenic microbiota in patients with chronic generalized periodontitis (CGP) and coronary artery disease (CAD) and assessment of the risk of periodontal pathogens in the development of CAD. Materials and methods: A microbiological study of the content of periodontal pockets was carried out in 64 patients with CGP and CAD of the study group (mean age – 56.9±7.9 years) and 20 patients of the comparison group (mean age – 45.2±11,8 years) who were not burdened with CAD. Results: It was established that in patients with CGP and CAD the following periodontal pathogens were found more frequently than in the comparison group: Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans (56.3±6.20% vs 25.0±9.68%; p=0.01), Prevotella intermedia (54.7±6.22% vs. 20.0±8.94%; p=0.01), and Fusobacterium spp. (34.4±5.94 vs. 10.0±6.71%; p=0.04). The increase in the percentage of the association of the periodontal pathogens was revealed in patients with CAD, which increased with the severity of the pathological process in periodontal tissues. The results of the study indicate the association of A. actinomycetemcomitans, P. intermedia, Fusobacterium spp. with CAD: A. actinomycetemcomitans: OR=3.86 (95% CI: 1.25-11.90), p=0.015; P. intermedia: OR=4.83 (95% CI: 1.45-16.05), p=0.007; Fusobacterium spp.: OR=4.71 (95% CI: 1.00-22.20), p=0.035. Conclusions: Analysis of the microbiological study indicates a high rate of detection of specific periodontal pathogens in patients with CGP and CAD. It can be assumed that the presence of such periodontal pathogens as A. actinomycetemcomitans, P. intermedia, Fusobacterium spp., significantly increases the risk of CAD.

Prevotella intermedia, an orthodontic point of view

“…P. intermedia may influence cognitive impairment in Alzheimer's disease, as it can trigger pathological changes in the brain that resemble and/or induce the accumulation of Aβ peptides and promote tau hyperphosphorylation [40] . A study detected that a high rate of periodontal pathogens such as A. actinomycetemcomitans, P. intermedia and Fusobacterium spp in patients with chronic generalized periodontitis significantly increases the risk of coronary artery disease [41] . P. intermedia and bacterial species associated with periodontal disease are enriched in the supragingival microbiota of women with suboptimal vaginal communities, so there is a relationship between oral and vaginal dysbiosis [21] .…”