Assessment of the mechanical stability and chemical leachability of immobilized electroplating waste

Sophia, A. Carmalin; Swaminathan, K.

doi:10.1016/j.chemosphere.2004.09.006

Cited by 59 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 18 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…Nowadays the cost of landfill disposal and the decrease in the number of disposal sites have led to considerate stabilization of waste into a glassy matrix or ceramic materials an accepted treatment process [3,4]. In the last 30 years it has been reported many examples about recycling of industrial waste in cement, glass, and metallurgy industry [5], but few works can be found in literature regarding recycling of galvanic chromium sludge [6] into glassy matrixes or ceramics compounds [7].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Physical-chemical characterization of a galvanic sludge and its inertization by vitrification using container glass

Andreola¹,

Barbieri²,

Cannio³

et al. 2006

Waste Management and the Environment III

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Several industrial processes produce large amounts of heavy metals-rich wastes, which could be considered as "trash-can raw materials". The incorporation in ceramic systems can be regarded as a key process to permanently incorporate hazardous heavy metals in stable matrixes. In particular the aim of this work is to prepare and evaluate environmental risk assessment of coloured glass and glass-ceramic with the addition of chromium(III) galvanic sludge having a high content of Cr 2 O 3 (15.91 wt%). Trivalent chromium compounds generally have low toxicity while hexavalent chromium is recognized by the International Agency for Research on Cancer and by the US Toxicology Program as a pulmonary carcinogen. The sludge has been characterized by ICP -AES chemical analysis, powder XRD diffraction, DTA, SEM, leaching test after different thermal treatments ranging from 400°C to 1200°C. Batch compositions were prepared by mixing this sludge with glass containers. The glass container composition is rich in SiO 2 (69.89 wt%), Na 2 O (12.32 wt%) and CaO (11.03 wt%), while the sludge has a high amount of CaO (42.90 wt%) and Cr 2 O 3 (15.91 wt%). The vitrification was carried out at 1450°C in an electrical melting furnace for 2 h followed by quenching in water or on graphite mould. Chromium incorporation mechanisms, vitrification processability, effect of initial Cr oxidation state, and product performance were investigated. In particular toxic characterization by leaching procedure and chemical durability studies of the glasses and glass-ceramics were used to evaluate the leaching of heavy metals (in particular of Cr). The results indicate that all the glasses obtained were inert and the heavy metals were immobilized.

show abstract

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Physical-chemical characterization of a galvanic sludge and its inertization by vitrification using container glass

Andreola¹,

Barbieri²,

Cannio³

et al. 2006

Waste Management and the Environment III

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…As these metals were often used in the metal plating industry (Algarra, Jiménez, Rodríguez-Castellón, Jiménez-López, & Jiménez-Jiménez, 2005,;Fujie et al, 1996;Sophia & Swaminathan, 2005;Zouboulis & Matis, 1995), it was thought that the industrial wastes generated from the plating process may have been illegally dumped in the reservoir. There were many small-and medium-sized plating workshops in Osaka City in the 1960s.…”

Section: Calculation Of Load Amountsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Method for the Estimation of the Past Illegal Dumping Recorded in a Sediment Core

Katahira

Ishitake

Moriwaki

et al. 2006

Water Air Soil Pollut

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Heavy metal concentrations of the acidsoluble fraction in sediment core samples from Nagaike, a reservoir in Osaka City, Japan, were measured by ICP-MS following the microwave extraction method. Spiked peaks for several metals in the sediment core samples were observed around 1960. The results of correlation coefficient study and cluster analysis of heavy metal concentrations in the sediment core samples showed that some metals, such as Cr, Cd, Ni and Cu, in the period of the spiked peak were derived from the different emission sources from other periods. These metals are often used for metal plating, and it was concluded that the spiked peaks were caused by illegal effluent from the metal plating industry. The load amounts of heavy metals by illegal dumping were calculated and the magnitude of the pollution was estimated.

show abstract

“…-Arsenic-containing wastes [13][14][15][16] -Stainless steel factory sludge containing Cr and Ni [12,17] -Electroplating sludge containing Cr, Pb, Ni, and Zn [18,19] -Foundry sludge [20] -Steel foundry electric arc dust [21][22][23][24] -Nickel hydroxide sludge [25] -Oil refinery sludge [26,27] -Asbestos waste [28] S/S-treated waste can safely be disposed to landfills and can also be reused in construction materials depending on its physical engineering properties and chemical properties. The demand for construction material is escalating due to increasing urbanization.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Potential Reuse of Chemical Sludge from Textile Dyeing Processes

Pandey

Patel

Johri

2011

The Handbook of Environmental Chemistry

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The textile industry plays a significant role in the Indian economy. The combined textile effluent from dyeing and printing clusters is treated in common effluent treatment plants (CETP) where the physicochemical treatment of the wastewater leads to the generation of chemical sludge in voluminous quantities. This sludge is considered a hazardous waste according to the Indian Hazardous Waste Management rules of 2008. Presently, the only option available to CETP operators for the disposal of this waste is a secure landfill, but this represents a costly option for them. The case study presented here attempts to find an environment-friendly and a cost-effective solution for the management of this chemical sludge. Sludge samples from various CETPs spread across the India were collected and they were physicochemically characterized; toxicity and microstructural aspects were also taken into consideration. To evaluate the suitability of the sludge as construction material, a solidification/stabilization (S/S) treatment of the chemical sludge was carried out using two binders: Ordinary Portland Cement (OPC) and Portland Pozzolona Cement (PPC). The evaluation of the solidified samples was carried out by considering their physical engineering properties, such as unconfined compressive strength and block density, and its chemical properties, such as leachability of heavy metals. A microstructural examination of the solidified samples was also performed using X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Characterization results revealed that the sludge samples were alkaline and had high electrical conductivity values. The concentration of heavy metals (Cr, Cu, Ni, Zn, Cd, and Pb) in the dried sludge, as well as in the leachate, was found to be less than that present in the prescribed limits (Indian Hazardous Waste Rules for sludge samples and US EPA limits for leachate). Oxides, such as SiO 2 , Al 2 O 3 , Fe 2 O 3 , MgO, and SO 3 , were present in a significant amount. Unconfined strength and block density data of the solidified blocks indicated that the chemical

show abstract

Assessment of the mechanical stability and chemical leachability of immobilized electroplating waste

Cited by 59 publications

References 18 publications

Physical-chemical characterization of a galvanic sludge and its inertization by vitrification using container glass

Physical-chemical characterization of a galvanic sludge and its inertization by vitrification using container glass

Method for the Estimation of the Past Illegal Dumping Recorded in a Sediment Core

Potential Reuse of Chemical Sludge from Textile Dyeing Processes

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About