Assessment of the in vitro and in vivo genotoxicity of extracts and indole monoterpene alkaloid from the roots of Galianthe thalictroides (Rubiaceae)

Abstract

Roots of Galianthe thalictroides K. Schum. (Rubiaceae) are used in folk medicine in the State of Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil, for treating and preventing cancer. To gain information about the genotoxicity of extracts (aqueous and EtOH), the CHCl₃ phase resulting from partition of the EtOH extract and the indole monoterpene alkaloid 1 obtained from this plant. The genotoxicity of 1 and extracts was evaluated in vivo through the Drosophila melanogaster wing Somatic Mutation and Recombination Test - SMART, while in vitro cytotoxic (MTT) and Comet assays were performed only with alkaloid 1. The results obtained with the SMART test indicated that the aqueous extract had no genotoxic activity. The EtOH extract was not genotoxic to ST descendants but genotoxic to HB ones. The CHCl₃ phase was genotoxic and cytotoxic. Alkaloid 1 showed significant mutational events with SMART, in the cytotoxicity assay (MTT), it showed a high cytotoxicity for human hepatoma cells (HepG2), whereas for the Comet assay, not showing genotoxic activity. The ethanol extract was shown to be genotoxic to HB descendants in the SMART assay, while the results obtained in this test for the monoterpene indole alkaloid 1 isolated from this extract.

Modulating effect of Poincianella bracteosa (Tul.) L.P. Queiroz bark (Leguminosae) on DNA damage induced by doxorubicin on the somatic cells of Drosophila melanogaster wings

“…melanogaster. Similar studies have been carried out to assess medicinal aqueous plant extracts (Fernandes et al, 2013, Jacociunas et al, 2014.…”

The Chemical Diversity from the Vegetation of Mato Grosso do Sul and its Relevance as a Source of Bioactive Molecules

“…Fórmulas estruturais e atividades das substâncias isoladas das plantas estudadas com potencial atividade antitumoral e genotóxica/ antigenotóxica Galianthe thalictroides, 10,11,12 raízes. Compostos (33).…”

“…A avaliação da atividade genotóxica e recombinogênica da fração clorofórmica do extrato etanólico desta espécie por meio do teste SMART (Somatic Mutation and Recombination Test) em células de asas de Drosophila melanogaster revelou sua atividade mutagênica e recombinogênica. 12 Estas atividades estão relacionadas à presença de substâncias com atividade intercalante no DNA e inibidoras de topoisomerases, mecanismos de ação de vários fármacos utilizados no tratamento do câncer. Os al aloides β-carbolínicos 1 e 2, obtidos desta fração clorofórmica, apresentaram atividade i i itó ia das e zi as topoiso e ases I e IIα, mesmo modo de ação dos fármacos anticâncer irinotecam (inibidor de topo I) e etoposídeo (ini ido de topo IIα , os uais foram utilizados como controles positivos nos ensaios realizados.…”

“…Além disso, estes alcaloides apresentaram atividade mutagênica e não recombinogênica no ensaio SMART. 12 As plantas da família Lauraceae estudadas pelo grupo do PRONABio também têm se revelado como fontes promissoras de micromoléculas com potencial antitumoral, podendo-se destacar Nectandra gardneri Meisn., Aiouea trinervis Meisn. e Ocotea acutifolia (Nees) Mez.…”

A review on genotoxic and mutagenic effects of monoterpenes

“…(Rubiaceae) And the indole monoterpene alkaloids 1 obtained from this plant were tested for genotoxic effects through Drosophila melanogaster wing Somatic Mutation and Recombination Test -SMART. Although, the ethanol extracts did not show genotoxic effect, but alkaloid 1 showed significant mutational events with SMART (Fernandes et al 2013).…”