Assessment of the genotoxic potential of tetrachlorvinphos insecticide by cytokinesis-block micronucleus and sister chromatid exchange assays

Abstract

Tetrachlorvinphos is an organophosphate that is classified as a carcinogen in humans by several authorities. Due to very limited data regarding the genotoxic potential, we aimed to comprehensively investigate in vitro genotoxic potential of tetrachlorvinphos. We performed our study by applying the cytokinesis-block micronucleus cytome and sister chromatid exchange (SCE) assays to human peripheral blood lymphocytes. We evaluated micronucleus (MN) and SCE frequencies and cytokinesis-block proliferation index in both exposed and non-exposed lymphocytes. We also calculated the chromosomal instability level in response to exposure by combining the results of MN and SCE. We found that MN frequency did not increase with exposure to tetrachlorvinphos (0–50 µg/ml). In contrast, we observed that SCE frequencies significantly increased with exposure to ≥5 µg/ml tetrachlorvinphos. Furthermore, exposure to tetrachlorvinphos at concentrations of 50 µg/ml induced a significant increase in chromosomal instability level ( p < 0.05). Cytokinesis-block proliferation index level did not significantly decrease in response to tetrachlorvinphos exposure. Our findings reveal that tetrachlorvinphos resulted in different DNA damages that were measured by two assays. Furthermore, our findings suggested that exposure to tetrachlorvinphos increased chromosomal instability that is a hallmark of many malignancies. We conclude that although tetrachlorvinphos does not significantly increase the MN level, the significant increase of both SCE and CIN frequencies indicates the genotoxic potential of tetrachlorvinphos in human peripheral lymphocytes. Additionally, tetrachlorvinphos is not cytotoxic in the range of tested concentrations.

Cell Cycle Kinetics and Sister Chromatid Exchange in Mosaic Turner Syndrome

“…The present study evaluated in vitro selection, PI and SCE frequencies of seventeen mosaic TS patients. So far in the literature, only few studies have evaluated cell proliferation of 45,X cells and of cells having other sex or autosomal chromosome anomalies [12,13,20,24,28,29,[30][31][32]. TS individuals who carry structurally abnormal chromosomes are a unique group, and they have provided opportunities to appraise the cellular consequences of chromosomal imbalance.…”

“…A higher incidence of sister chromatid exchange (SCE) can be associated with CIN, as is seen in some cancers and congenital syndromes [12][13][14][15][16]. Therefore, SCE has been used as a sensitive indicator of spontaneous CIN [12,[17][18][19][20].…”

“…Therefore, SCE has been used as a sensitive indicator of spontaneous CIN [12,[17][18][19][20]. Previous research has reported high SCE incidences in patients with Bloom syndrome, Werner syndrome, and various types of neoplasia [12,13,20].…”

Cellular toxicities of gadolinium‐based contrast agents used in magnetic resonance imaging

“…The genotoxicity of chemicals can also be determined by the sister chromatid exchanges (SCEs) assay which is a simple and rapid method that indicates the genetic material exchange at homologous loci during the S phase of the cell cycle (Akbaş et al, 2022; Avuloglu‐Yilmaz et al, 2022; Yilmaz et al, 2015). SCE formation is associated with the recombinational repair, as well as point mutations, gene amplifications, and cytotoxicity (Cobanoglu & Cayir, 2021). The number of SCEs may increase as a result of genetic damage caused by mutagens, as well as in various hereditary diseases such as Bloom syndrome, Fanconi anemia, Ataxia‐telangiectasia, and Xeroderma pigmentosum, which have damage to DNA repair mechanisms and predispose to neoplasia.…”