Assessment of the efficacy of dexamethasone, lignocaine or placebo in the prevention of post intubation sore throat

Abstract

Objective: To assess the incidence of sore throat and hoarseness caused by endotracheal intubation. To observe if lignocaine or dexamethasone throat spray would alter the incidence of sore throat Materials and methods: Adult patients of either sex who underwent general anaesthesia with endotracheal intubation were included in this randomised double blind study. Three hundred patients who had general anaesthesia with endotracheal intubation were randomly allocated into three groups -Group A, Group B and Group C following block randomisation. Nature of the study was explained to the patient and verbal consent obtained. Group A -2ml of dexamethasone (8mg) was sprayed Group B -2ml of 4% lignocaine was sprayed in this group. Group C -2ml of normal saline was used in this group. Postoperatively between 12-24 hours patients were invited to find out if any sore throat or hoarseness of voice was present. Verbal analogue scoring system was used. Results: Postoperatively sore throat was present in 26% in group A, 33% in group B and 28% in group C. Hoarseness was present in 20% in group A, 23% in group B and 18% in group C. Sore throat and hoarseness were present in 37% in group A, 45% in group B and 39% in group C. Conclusion: Neither dexamethasone nor lignocaine throat spray were useful in reducing postoperative sore throat and hoarseness.

The study of oropharyngeal pack soaked in lignocaine with dexamethasone in patients undergoing nasal surgeries

“…The results are similar to results obtained in the study Kadar et al who also found no significant gender difference in incidence of sore throat and hoarseness. 12 In a study done by Valentine et al their data did not show any gender difference in the incidence of post intubation sore throat. 8 Similarly in study by Hakim et al no gender difference was seen in incidence of sore throat.…”

“…These results are comparable to the results 0f previous study In their study they found an incidence of hoarseness of 18% in the placebo/control group, 20% in the group who received topical lignocaine and 23% in the group who received topical dexamethasone with a calculated p value of 0.676 (p>0.05) showing no significant difference in the incidence of hoarseness in the three groups. 12 Yildiz et al had observed that lignocaine or dexamethasone infiltrated in merocel pack provides analgesic effect following septoplasty and total analgesic consumption is reduced when dexamethasone is combined with lignocaine. 14 In this study found a significant decrease in incidence of sore throat in group LD.…”

Dexamethasone to decrease post-anesthesia sore throat (POST) and hoarseness-which is the most effective route: intravenous, topical, or nebulization? A prospective randomized trial

“…Sore throat (Canbay et al, 2008) was graded as 0 = no sore throat, 1 = mild sore throat (complains of sore throat only on asking), 2 = moderate sore throat (complains of sore throat on his/her own), and 3 = severe sore throat (change in voice or hoarseness, associated with throat pain). Hoarseness of voice (Kadar, 2015) was graded as 0, none; 1, noted by the patient; 2, obvious to observer; and 3, aphonia.…”

“…Previous studies suggest that dexamethasone is effective in decreasing the incidence of POST when given via different routes, i.e., intravenous (Subedi et al, 2019;Thomas & Beevi, 2007;Jiang et al, 2018;Zhao et al, 2015;Kadar, 2015), nebulization (Salama & El-badawy, 2016), or topical (Lee et al, 2017). We assumed that by soaking cuff of endotracheal tube (ETT) in dexamethasone, we will deliver drug directly to the laryngeal wall (direct contact), while with nebulization the drug will be absorbed directly to upper airway mucosa.…”

Ethnobotanical treatments for earache and sore throat

“…Drugs such as non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and acetaminophen can help relieve a sore throat. Steroids are also useful to this end (Schams et al, 2012;Jadhav et al, 2015;Kadar et al, 2015). However, control and treatment of pain are still one of the most challenges issues in drug therapy.…”