Assessment of the effects of atrazine, dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane, and dimethoate on freshwater fish (Oreochromis mossambicus): a case study of the A2 farmlands in Chiredzi, in the southeastern part of Zimbabwe

Basopo, Norah; Muzvidziwa, Asah

doi:10.1007/s11356-019-06569-x

Cited by 17 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…Short- and long-term exposure to waterborne toxins causes degeneration of free radicals (ROS), leading to lipid peroxidation and cell damage in the fish body [ 12 ]. Consequently, fish secrete enzymatic and non-enzymatic factors to deactivate the oxidation and protect cells from ROS attack [ 10 ]. This study shows activated SOD, CAT, and GPx levels and reduced MDA levels in fish fed fucoidan.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The toxicity impact of herbicides, pesticides, and insecticides on the performances of aquatic animals, including Nile tilapia, is investigated in several studies [ 8 , 9 ]. In this regard, waterborne ATZ induces negative impacts on the performances and health status of finfish species [ 10 ]. Mainly, exposure to herbicides disrupts respiration through gills, resulting in an imbalance of metabolic functions [ 11 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Role of Fucoidan on the Growth Behavior and Blood Metabolites and Toxic Effects of Atrazine in Nile Tilapia Oreochromis niloticus (Linnaeus, 1758)

Abdel-Warith

Younis

Al-Asgah

et al. 2021

Animals

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Waterborne herbicides are stressful agents that threaten the productivity and safety of finfish species. In this study, the toxicity impacts of atrazine (ATZ) and the protective role of fucoidan were investigated on the health performance of Nile tilapia. For 40 days, the total number of 180 Nile tilapia was assigned in four groups (triplicates, 15 fish/replicate), where the first (control) and third groups were offered the control diet, while the second and fourth groups were offered a fucoidan (FCN). Further, in the third and fourth groups, the water was mixed with atrazine (ATZ) at 1.39 mg/L daily. The growth rate, FCR, and survival rate were markedly enhanced by fucoidan but severely declined by ATZ exposure (p < 0.05). The morphological structure of the intestine in the control fish revealed normal structure, while fucoidan-treated groups showed eminent enhancement and branching of the intestinal villi. The intestine of ATZ-treated fish revealed deterioration and the intestinal mucosa, inflammatory cell infiltration, and separation of lining epithelium. The highest Hb, PCV, RBCs, WBCs, total protein, and albumin were observed in Nile tilapia fed fucoidan, but the worst values were seen in ATZ-intoxicated fish (p < 0.05). The liver-related enzymes (ALT and AST) and kidney function (urea and creatinine) showed impaired values by ATZ toxicity and were regulated by dietary fucoidan. Meanwhile, fish fed fucoidan and exposed to ATZ had lower total cholesterol and triglyceride values than fish exposed to ATZ without fucoidan feeding (p < 0.05). The SOD, CAT, GPx, cortisol, and glucose levels were increased in ATZ-exposed fish and reduced by fucoidan (p < 0.05). However, the level of malondialdehyde (MDA) was reduced in fucoidan-fed fish and increased in ATZ-exposed fish (p < 0.05). Altogether, dietary fucoidan is required in fish diets to alleviate the impacts of ATZ-induced toxicity.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Role of Fucoidan on the Growth Behavior and Blood Metabolites and Toxic Effects of Atrazine in Nile Tilapia Oreochromis niloticus (Linnaeus, 1758)

Abdel-Warith

Younis

Al-Asgah

et al. 2021

Animals

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“…The levels of DDT^( 135) and atrazine (37) in water, 131 and 6.2 μg/L, respectively, exceeded WHO Guideline Values for drinking water (1 and 2 μg/L for DDT^( 135) and atrazine (37) , respectively) (Basopo & Muzvidziwa, 2020). Dimethoate was measured at 4.2 μg/L in water (Basopo & Muzvidziwa, 2020). Levels of atrazine (37) in fish exceeded the acceptable level set by the European Commission by 70 times (Basopo & Muzvidziwa, 2020).…”

Section: Pesticidesmentioning

confidence: 90%

“…Levels of atrazine (37) in fish exceeded the acceptable level set by the European Commission by 70 times (Basopo & Muzvidziwa, 2020). Levels of DDT^( 135) in fish exceeded acceptable levels set by US EPA by more than 100 times (Basopo & Muzvidziwa, 2020). DDT^( 135) metabolites, as well as PCBs^, have been widely detected in breast milk in Zimbabwe (Chikuni et al, 1997;Goldman & Tran, 2002;UNEP, 2013).…”

Section: Pesticidesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A study in southeastern Zimbabwe found contamination of water sources and fish by atrazine (37) , dimethoate (4) , and DDT^( 135) (Basopo & Muzvidziwa, 2020). The levels of DDT^( 135) and atrazine (37) in water, 131 and 6.2 μg/L, respectively, exceeded WHO Guideline Values for drinking water (1 and 2 μg/L for DDT^( 135) and atrazine (37) , respectively) (Basopo & Muzvidziwa, 2020). Dimethoate was measured at 4.2 μg/L in water (Basopo & Muzvidziwa, 2020).…”

Section: Pesticidesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The role of chemical exposures in reducing the effectiveness of water–sanitation–hygiene interventions in Bangladesh, Kenya, and Zimbabwe

Kearns

2020

WIREs Water

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The sustainable success of water, sanitation, and hygiene (WASH) interventions to reduce waterborne disease and promote public health in low‐income regions is uncertain. Recent large randomized controlled trials in Bangladesh, Kenya, and Zimbabwe revealed that traditional household WASH interventions are unlikely to reduce diarrhea or improve linear growth (i.e., reduce stunting) in infants and children—two important indicators of the effectiveness of WASH interventions. A possible factor contributing to the null results is that traditional WASH interventions control microbial pathogens but do not remove chemical toxicants. Exposure to many organic and inorganic chemical toxicants is associated with diarrheal symptoms, as well as with preterm birth and stunting. Many chemical toxicants have deleterious effects on the immune system, impairing the body's response to infectious diseases, and reducing the effectiveness of vaccinations. Globalization has led to rapid and largely unregulated import, production, use, and disposal without adequate treatment of large quantities of hazardous chemicals throughout the developing world, with profound effects on the environment and human health. Literature evidence from the past 10 to 15 years on putative and demonstrated chemical exposures in Bangladesh, Kenya, and Zimbabwe and the regions within the countries where the large WASH trials took place supports potential contribution(s) from chemical toxicants in the failure of traditional WASH interventions to relieve diarrhea and stunting. Mitigating exposures to organic and inorganic chemical immunotoxins through drinking water and other routes is likely to be a necessary‐but‐insufficient criterion for the sustainable success of WASH interventions. This article is categorized under: Engineering Water > Water, Health, and Sanitation Engineering Water > Sustainable Engineering of Water

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Dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane for Malaria and Agricultural Uses and Its Impacts on Human Health

Li,

Bao

et al. 2023

Bull Environ Contam Toxicol

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Assessment of the effects of atrazine, dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane, and dimethoate on freshwater fish (Oreochromis mossambicus): a case study of the A2 farmlands in Chiredzi, in the southeastern part of Zimbabwe

Cited by 17 publications

References 18 publications

Role of Fucoidan on the Growth Behavior and Blood Metabolites and Toxic Effects of Atrazine in Nile Tilapia Oreochromis niloticus (Linnaeus, 1758)

Role of Fucoidan on the Growth Behavior and Blood Metabolites and Toxic Effects of Atrazine in Nile Tilapia Oreochromis niloticus (Linnaeus, 1758)

The role of chemical exposures in reducing the effectiveness of water–sanitation–hygiene interventions in Bangladesh, Kenya, and Zimbabwe

Dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane for Malaria and Agricultural Uses and Its Impacts on Human Health

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