Assessment of the direct medical costs of diabetes mellitus and its complications in the United Arab Emirates

Al-Maskari, Fatma; El-Sadig, Mohamed; Nagelkerke, Nicolaas

doi:10.1186/1471-2458-10-679

Cited by 103 publications

(102 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…This would 14. Al-Maskari et al (26) found that in their sample the direct treatment cost of patients with diabetes was 3.2 times higher than the per capita expenditure for healthcare in the UAE, and that these cost increased by 2.2 times for patients with diabetes-related microvascular complications; by 6.4 times for patients with diabetes-related macrovascular complications; and by 9.4 times for patients with both micro and macrovascular diabetes-related complications. This illustrates the steep increase of health expenditures when early intervention and selfmanagement are not successful and complications occur.…”

Section: The Opportunity For Advanced Diabetes Servicesmentioning

confidence: 94%

The curse of wealth – Middle Eastern countries need to address the rapidly rising burden of diabetes

Klautzer

Becker

Mattke

2014

Int J Health Policy Manag

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Section: The Opportunity For Advanced Diabetes Servicesmentioning

confidence: 94%

The curse of wealth – Middle Eastern countries need to address the rapidly rising burden of diabetes

Klautzer

Becker

Mattke

2014

Int J Health Policy Manag

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“…The UAE has the secondhighest diabetes prevalence in the world, particularly type 2 diabetes (T2D) [1,2]. In 2004, the total annual direct treatment costs of uncomplicated diabetes were estimated at US$ 1,605 per patient, which was more than three times the per capita expenditure for health care in the UAE [3]. Treatment costs increase with age, diabetes duration, complications, and use of insulin [3].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In 2004, the total annual direct treatment costs of uncomplicated diabetes were estimated at US$ 1,605 per patient, which was more than three times the per capita expenditure for health care in the UAE [3]. Treatment costs increase with age, diabetes duration, complications, and use of insulin [3]. Screening for undiagnosed T2D would be cost-effective due to the greater opportunity to reduce cardiovascular disease complications, principally through the use of statins [4,5].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence of Undiagnosed Diabetes and Quality of Care in Diabetic Patients Followed at Primary and Tertiary Clinics in Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates

Saadi

Al-Kaabi²,

Benbarka³

et al. 2010

Rev Diabet Stud

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AIMS:To investigate the prevalence of undiagnosed type 2 diabetes (T2D) at primary health care (PHC) clinics, and to assess the quality of care of diabetic patients followed at a tertiary hospital diabetes center in Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates (UAE). METHODS: Between May 2009 and October 2010, adult patients attending two PHC clinics, and adult diabetic patients attending the diabetes center, were invited to participate in the study. After overnight fast, participants returned for interview and laboratory tests. Undiagnosed T2D was defined by FPG ≥ 7.0 mmol/l or HbA1c ≥ 6.5%. Quality of care was assessed by reported care practices and achievement of internationally recognized targets. RE-SULTS: Out of 239 patients at PHC clinics without history of T2D, 14.6% had undiagnosed T2D, and 31% had increased risk of diabetes (FPG 5.6-7.0 mmol/l or HbA1c 5.7-6.5%).The independent predictors of undiagnosed T2D were age (adjusted OR per year 1.07, 95% CI 1.04-1.11, p < 0.001) and BMI ≥ 25 (adjusted OR 4.2, 95% CI 0.91-19.7, p = 0.033). Amongst all 275 diagnosed T2D patients, including those attending PHC clinics and those followed at the diabetes center, it was found that 40.1% followed dietary recommendations, 12% reported visiting a diabetes educator, 28.2% walked for exercise, and 13.5% attained recognized targets of HbA1c < 7%, blood pressure < 130/80 mmHg, and LDL cholesterol < 2.6 mmol/l. CONCLUSIONS: Almost half of the adult patients attending PHC clinics had undiagnosed T2D, or increased diabetes risk. Care practices, and achievement of treatment targets, were suboptimal.

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“…94 In a longitudinal study of 1,189 patients from the general population; AHI ≥20 was associated with an increased risk of suffering a first-ever stroke over the next 4 for untreated and treated OSA, respectively. 96 Finally, a recent study suggested that the impact of OSA on incident CVD might be modulated by age and gender: in a cohort of 1,927 men and 2,495 women who were free of CAD and heart failure at baseline and were followed-up for a median of 8.7 years OSA was an independent predictor of incident CAD only in men younger than 70 years of age (adjusted HR 1.10, 95 % CI 1.00-1.21 per 10 unit increase in the AHI).…”

Section: Longitudinal Studies and The Impact Of Continuous Positive Amentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[1][2][3][4][5] Hence, reducing the development and/or the progression of these complications is one of the main aims of treatment in patients with diabetes.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Obstructive Sleep Apnoea and Vascular Disease in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes

Tahrani¹

2015

US Endocrinology

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Obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA) is common and is associated with many vascular risk factors, such as hypertension, insulin resistance, albuminuria, dyslipidaemia, increased inflammation and endothelial dysfunction. Epidemiological studies have shown that OSA is associated with increased cardiovascular disease (CVD) and that continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) might reduce CVD events in patients with OSA. In addition, OSA has also been shown to be associated with albuminuria, chronic kidney disease, a wide range of ocular diseases and peripheral neuropathy. Considering that CVD and microvascular complications are major contributors to the morbidity, mortality and the economic burden of diabetes and that OSA is common in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D), it is important to understand the role of OSA in the development and/or progression of vascular disease in patients with T2D and to explore the impact of CPAP on diabetes-related vascular outcomes. The purpose of this article is to review the evidence for the relationship and impact of OSA on vascular disease and vascular risk factors particularly in patients with T2D. KeywordsType 2 diabetes, obstructive sleep apnoea, vascular disease, vascular risk Diabetes-related macro-and microvascular complications contribute significantly to the increased morbidity, mortality, worsened quality of life and social and financial burden observed in patients with diabetes. [1][2][3][4][5] Hence, reducing the development and/or the progression of these complications is one of the main aims of treatment in patients with diabetes.Over the last 2 decades, strategies resulting in the improvements of glycaemic control, blood pressure (BP) and lipids and the use of renin angiotensin aldosterone inhibitors, resulted in reductions in cardiovascular disease (CVD) in patients with diabetes, but there was little impact on diabetic microvascular complications. 6 Nonetheless, both CVD and microvascular complications remain common and a better understanding of the pathogenesis of these complications is needed in order to identify new treatment strategies.Obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA) is common in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D) (up to 86 % prevalence), which is not surprising considering that increasing age and obesity are common risk factors to both conditions. 7,8 OSA is characterised by upper airway instability during sleep that results in recurrent upper airway obstruction resulting in either complete or partial cessation of airflow (i.e. apnoea and hypopnoea, respectively). 9The recurrent obstructions of the upper airway usually result in recurrent oxygen desaturations/re-saturations, cyclical changes in intrathoracic pressure (as the patient attempts to breath against a blocked airway) and recurrent micro arousals that cause sleep fragmentation and reduction in slow wave and rapid eye movement (REM) sleep and result in termination of the apnoea/hypopnoea episodes. 9Several large epidemiological studies and randomised controlled trials (RCTs) have shown that OSA was ...

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Assessment of the direct medical costs of diabetes mellitus and its complications in the United Arab Emirates

Cited by 103 publications

References 17 publications

The curse of wealth – Middle Eastern countries need to address the rapidly rising burden of diabetes

The curse of wealth – Middle Eastern countries need to address the rapidly rising burden of diabetes

Prevalence of Undiagnosed Diabetes and Quality of Care in Diabetic Patients Followed at Primary and Tertiary Clinics in Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates

Obstructive Sleep Apnoea and Vascular Disease in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes

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