Assessment of the Bioaccessibility of Polybrominated Diphenyl Ethers in Foods and the Correlations of the Bioaccessibility with Nutrient Contents

Abstract

Bioaccessibility of a contaminant in foods is the fraction of the contaminant mobilized from the food matrices during gastrointestinal digestion. In the present paper, the bioaccessibility of polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) in 13 types of foods, including fish, meat, rice, flour, and vegetables, was determined using an in vitro digestion method. The bioaccessibility obtained ranged from 2.6% to 41.3%. It was found that the bioaccessibility of PBDEs exhibited positive correlations with fat and carbohydrate contents and negative correlations with protein and dietary fiber contents in the foods. Fat was the most important factor affecting the bioaccessibility of PBDEs. The mechanism underlying the correlations was discussed in view of partition of PBDEs between liquid and solid phases. To our knowledge, this is the first article systematically investigating the bioaccessibility of PBDEs in foods and demonstrating the influence of the food constituents on the bioaccessibility of PBDEs.

Optimization of an in vitro method to measure the bioaccessibility of polybrominated diphenyl ethers in dust using response surface methodology

“…To prepare the method-dust, dust collected from the rooftop was extracted using n-hexane:acetone (1:1, V:V) in a Soxhlet extractor for 72 hr to thoroughly remove organic matters that might affect the bioaccessibility of PBDEs, and then was spiked with the PBDE standard consisting of BDE17,28,47,66,71,85,99,100,138,153,154,183,190, and 209 (BDE-COC, AccuStandard, USA) (Yu et al, 2009(Yu et al, , 2010. Five final concentrations of individual PBDE congeners (tri-to hepta-BDE), 10, 20, 30, 40, and 50 ng/g were used to investigate the effect of C PBDE on the bioaccessibility.…”

“…The bioaccessibility of PBDEs in the method-dust was determined using a fasting-stomach in vitro method adapted from the fed in vitro method for food (Yu et al, 2009(Yu et al, , 2010. The set parameters are listed in Table 1.…”

“…The fraction from 115 to 280 mL was collected and concentrated, and the internal standard 13 C-PCB208 (Cambridge Isotope Laboratories, USA) was added. The resulted solution was stored at -18°C before analysis on gas chromatograph/mass spectrometer (GC/MS) as described previously (Yu et al, 2009(Yu et al, , 2010.…”

“…Consequently, bioaccessibility is often determined through in vitro experiments simulating the digestion process in the human gastrointestinal tract (Tang et al, 2006;Dean and Ma, 2007). At present there are many in vitro methods to determine bioaccessibility (Oomen et al, 2002;Van de Wiele et al, 2004;Dean and Ma, 2007;Yu et al, 2009Yu et al, , 2010Torres-Escribano et al, 2011). Various experimental designs and digestion models exist in the literature, resulting in different data of bioaccessibility (Oomen et al, 2002).…”

“…Our laboratory has developed an in vitro method to measure the bioaccessibility of PBDEs in food (Yu et al, 2009(Yu et al, , 2010. The method simulates the digestion process in the human gastrointestinal tract by digesting food samples in artificially prepared gastric and intestinal digestion solutions.…”