Assessment of supporting electrolyte contributions in electrochemically modulated liquid chromatography

Keller, David W.; Ponton, Lisa M.; Porter, Marc D.

doi:10.1016/j.chroma.2005.06.082

Cited by 16 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…Though not yet understood, the slope of the plots in Fig. 5 do not all follow the observed dependence found when using PGC as a packing in EMLC [11]. In particular, the slopes for BDS and BS are indistinguishable from each other despite the difference in ionic charge.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 95%

“…The design of the EMLC column has been described elsewhere[11]. Briefly, the column consists of a Nafion cationic-exchange membrane in a tubular form (Perma Pure) that is placed inside a porous stainless steel cylinder.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Past work has shown that carbon materials, like PGC and glassy carbon (GC) [13], are viable stationary phases for EMLC and there are several intriguing examples in which these packings have been coated with conductive polymers, like polyvinylferrocene and polypyrrole [24–26]. Recent work has also demonstrated that, by monitoring the influence of E appl on the capacity factor ( k ′) for analyte retention, a chromatographic tool for the examination of electrosorption phenomenon can be devised [10,11,21]. …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Electrochemically modulated liquid chromatography using a boron-doped diamond particle stationary phase

Muna

Swope

Swain

et al. 2008

Journal of Chromatography A

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This paper reports on preliminary tests of the performance of boron-doped diamond powder (BDDP) as a stationary phase in electrochemically modulated liquid chromatography (EMLC). EMLC manipulates retention through changes in the potential applied (Eappl) to a conductive packing. Porous graphitic carbon (PGC) has routinely been utilized as a material in EMLC separations. Herein the utility of BDDP as a stationary phase in EMLC was investigated and its stability, both compositionally and microstructurally, relative to PGC was compared. The results show that BDDP is stable over a wide range of Eappl values (i.e., −1.2 to +1.2 V vs. Ag/AgCl, sat’d NaCl). The data also reveal that electrostatics play a key role in the adsorption of the aromatic sulfonates on the BDDP stationary phase, and that these analytes are more weakly retained in comparison to the PGC support. The potential for this methodology to provide a means to advance the understanding of molecular adsorption and retention mechanisms on carbonaceous materials is briefly discussed.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 95%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Electrochemically modulated liquid chromatography using a boron-doped diamond particle stationary phase

Muna

Swope

Swain

et al. 2008

Journal of Chromatography A

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“…Due to the low ion-exchange capacity of the stationary phase, a low ionic strength eluent which could also be an appropriate supporting electrolyte (0.1 mM perchlorate) was used. 32 Upon injection of a water blank, shown in Fig. 4(c), a void peak was visualised just before 5 min.…”

Section: Verication Of Doping State Of Immobilised Pani Using Sc 4 Dmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development and characterisation of switchable polyaniline-functionalised flow-through capillary monoliths

et al. 2014

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Polymer monoliths were prepared in capillary format (250 mm i.d.) and used as solid supports for the immobilisation of the conducting polymer polyaniline (PANI). The immobilisation of PANI was confirmed on the large macro-porous structure of a polystyrene-divinylbenzene (PS-co-DVB) monolith. The surface coverage of polyaniline was characterised by field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM) and by capacitively coupled contactless conductivity detection (C 4 D), which was operated in scanning mode to non-invasively visualise the axial distribution of the immobilised PANI and to provide information on its doping state. To further demonstrate the successful functionalisation of the monoliths, the PANI-functionalised monoliths were demonstrated as switchable, weak anion-exchange stationary phases as confirmed by studying the retention of iodide using a perchlorate eluent.

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“…EMLC was first introduced by Fujinaga et al and Kihara and co-workers [2,3]. Ge and Wallace carried out investigations with conducting polymers [4,5], but most of the publications in the last two decades stem from Porter and co-workers, who concentrated their efforts on studying chromatographic separations, mainly on porous graphitic carbon stationary phases and hydrophobic analytes [6][7][8][9][10][11]. Although promising analytical proceedings have been described in the past, EMLC is currently not being applied at an analytical nor preparative scale, probably due to the fact that taking advantage of electrochemical effects requires added electrochemistry know-how as well as a special device.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Carbon nanotubes-A resin for electrochemically modulated liquid chromatography

2017

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Electrochemically modulated liquid chromatography is a special form of ion exchange chromatography in which the separation process is controlled by applying an electric potential to the stationary phase. This form of chromatography has so far only been applied in research studies. The present study shows that multiwalled carbon nanotubes are an effective resin material for an electrochemically modulated chromatography process. The experiments are carried out in a newly designed column that enables the packing of nanomaterials. We investigate the influence of the applied potential on the retention and elution of maleic acid, determine the dynamic binding capacity, and calculate the utilization degree of the electrical charge in the adsorption process. Moreover, the stability of the resin and the membrane over more than 200 working hours are presented. In addition to the stability, their sturdiness and inexpensive price are important qualities that make multiwalled carbon nanotubes interesting for application as the stationary phase in an electrochemically driven process. The investigated chromatography technique represents a promising separation process for future applications as a preparative step in biotechnology as well as other life science fields.

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Assessment of supporting electrolyte contributions in electrochemically modulated liquid chromatography

Cited by 16 publications

References 36 publications

Electrochemically modulated liquid chromatography using a boron-doped diamond particle stationary phase

Electrochemically modulated liquid chromatography using a boron-doped diamond particle stationary phase

Development and characterisation of switchable polyaniline-functionalised flow-through capillary monoliths

Carbon nanotubes-A resin for electrochemically modulated liquid chromatography

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