Assessment of spring wheat varieties by the productivity elements in the Forest Steppe of Ukraine

Abstract

The article highlights the problems of forming the economically valuable features which affect the productivity of soft spring wheat varieties. The structural analysis data reveal that the number of spikelets in the investigated varieties of wheat ears ranged within 15.4 pcs. In the Triso variety to 20.1 pcs. in the Kharkivska 30, the rate for the variety standard was registered 16.0. The variability amplitude rate varied from 2.0 spikelets in Hordynya and Simkoda Myronivska varieties to 5.0 in the Kharkivska 30 and standart Elhiya Myronivska varieties. The variability range of spikelets number in an ear in the Hordynya, Simkoda Myronivska and Speranza varieties and the average one in all the other varieties was revealed. It was established that grains number in soft spring wheat varieties ranged from 41.1 grains in the Tria variety to 52.6 in the Hordynya variety, in the standard variety of Elehiya Myronivska the rate leveled 36.3. Thus, in all the studied varieties the number of grains in an ear exceeded the standard. The variability of grains number in an ear was significant in the Speranza variety, while in other varieties as well as in the standard sort of Elehiya Myronivska it was medium. It was shown that an ear grains weight in the varieties ranged from of 1.6 g in the Triso variety to 2.2 g in the Hordynya variety. This feature varied in the varieties by the variability range. The largest (1.1 g) it was in the the Hordynya and Speranza varieties, the smallest (0.5 g) – in the variety of Simkoda Myronivska. The variation factor proved significant variability of the trait in the Trizo and Speranza varieties and in the variety standard. All the other studied varieties were the average variability of grain weight in an ear. It was found that all but wheat varieties of soft spring wheat had high indices of 1000 seeds and this trait variation was insignificant indicated by the variation ratewhich was below 10 %. The correlation of crop yield and the basic economically valuable traits are analyzed; positive and negative correlations are established. It was noted that the crop yield of the studied soft spring wheat varieties correlates most closely with the number of grain in an ear (r = 0.77 ± 0.06) and the number of spikelets in an ear (r = 0.61 ± 0.07), and therefore it is necessary to pay attention to these data uppermost. Thus, the study of economically valuable traits of modern varieties of soft spring wheat reveals different variability nature and correlation degrees which enables to define the sources of economically valuable traits in the studied varieties and to further use them in research and selection programs as valuable parent material. Key words: spring wheat, varieties, productivity, ears number, grains number, grain weight, weight of 1000 seeds, correlation.

Evaluation of Yield and its Components of Durum Wheat (Triticum durum Desf.) Cultivars Grown Under Rain-Fed and Supplementary Irrigation Locations in Nineveh Province

“…of spikes.m-2 was (187.0) in the cultivar Karoneyah under Rain-fed Irrigation. These results are in agreement with what was stated by [9] and by [10] that the trait of the No. of spikes per plant under drought conditions in Mediterranean environments is considered as one of the most important indicators of grains yield in durum wheat.…”

“…Through our observation of the average values of the cultivars in Table (10), the Firat-93 cultivar outperformed the other cultivars in weighing 1000 grains with an average value of (39.52 gm), while the Kardenenay and Svevo cultivars recorded the lowest values (25.00, 25.30 gm), respectively, as noted. The cultivars grown under Supplementary Irrigation gave the highest weight of 1000 grains (34.18 gm), with a significant difference from the average of Rain-fed-Irrigation (28.47 gm).…”

Influence of Seeding Rate on the Productivity and Quality of Soft Spring Wheat Grain (Triticum Aestivum L.)

“…Dry conditions in recent years have led to low yields of spring wheat, which did not exceed 3.52 t ha -1 . Modern varieties of spring wheat of foreign and domestic selection, included in the State Register of Plant Varieties of Ukraine, have a high yield potential and can provide a yield of 5-8 t ha -1 in production conditions (Lozinska and Fedoruk, 2017;Radchenko et al, 2023). As a result of the research conducted by Sumy National Agrarian University, it was found that the yield according to the experiment options ranged on average from 4.07 t ha -1 to 5.63 t ha -1 (LSD 05 = 0.12).…”

Peculiarities of Forming Productivity and Quality of Soft Spring Wheat Varieties

“…During formation of grain yielding capacity, the excess leaf surface will not contribute to high yield of the crop, as part of leaves will be shaded by its upper circles (Zhemela and Shevnikov, 2013). According to the results of Lozinska and Fedoruk (2017), the index of leaf surface area of spring wheat changed significantly depending on variety assortment, and the largest leaf surface area was formed in the earing phase in the range of 33.4-34.1 thousand m 2 ha -1 . In the studies of Sumy National Agrarian University, it was found that in the tillering phase of spring wheat, the leaf surface area was 4.0-6.0 thousand m 2 ha -1 .…”