Assessment of splanchnic blood flow in alcohol and drug abuse using radionuclide angiography

Sarper, R.; Faraj, Bahjat A.; Tarcan, Yavuz A.; Chandora, Deen B.; Lenton, John D.

doi:10.1016/0899-3289(93)90071-i

Cited by 8 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…Indeed, hypoperfusion and ischemia have been observed in human brain (36) and mesentery (33) in association with cocaine abuse. It is unclear whether any protection from these blood flow abnormalities is conferred by a blood doping effect in tissues other than the heart (28) or whether protection is maintained in humans with histories of chronic cocaine use, whose splenic function may be abnormal (25).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cocaine administration induces human splenic constriction and altered hematologic parameters

Kaufman

Siegel

Mendelson

et al. 1998

Journal of Applied Physiology

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Cocaine is a potent vasoconstrictor that has been shown to alter hemoglobin, hematocrit, and red blood cell counts in both animals and humans. The present study evaluated whether cocaine administration induces splenic constriction in men and whether spleen-volume changes temporally correlate with altered hematologic parameters. Spleen volume was assessed at baseline and after cocaine administration (0.4 mg/kg) by using magnetic resonance imaging. A group of five healthy men, aged 31 +/- 2 (SE) yr and reporting occasional cocaine use (13 +/- 5 lifetime exposures), participated. Cocaine reduced spleen volume by 20 +/- 4% (P < 0.03) 10 min after drug administration. Spleen volume returned to normal (101 +/- 3% baseline) within 35 min after cocaine administration, indicating that the reduction is a transient phenomenon. In subjects administered cocaine from whom blood samples were obtained (n = 3), cocaine increased hemoglobin levels, hematocrit, and red blood cell count to 104.5 +/- 0.9, 105.6 +/- 1.2, and 106.5 +/- 1.0% of baseline levels, respectively (P < 0.03), but it did not alter white blood cell and platelet counts. Placebo administration (n = 5) did not alter hematologic parameters. These results suggest that cocaine induces splenic constriction in humans, and this may contribute to temporally concordant hematologic parameter changes. These events may help to preserve or increase tissue oxygenation in periods of high oxygen demand and/or increased vascular resistance.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cocaine administration induces human splenic constriction and altered hematologic parameters

Kaufman

Siegel

Mendelson

et al. 1998

Journal of Applied Physiology

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“…[235,238,239,[247][248][249]. Studies in experimental animals have shown that cocaine induces hepatic ischemia and produces alteration in perfusion and blood flow [244,250,251].…”

Section: Cocaine Mediated Hepatotoxicity (Cmh)mentioning

confidence: 98%

“…Since 1959 Szakacs observed that prolonged NE infusion induced endothelial proliferation, occasionally sufficient to cause complete obstruction of small arteries of the gastrointestinal tract [354]. Gastric mucosal cells and duodenal villi rapidly become ischaemic in response to reductions in mesenteric blood flow, leading to gastritis and ulceration, this may theoretically be potentiated by cocaine-mediated gastric hypomotility and delayed gastric emptying (which prolongs mucosal exposure to gastric acid) [251,[355][356][357]. Some investigators have suggested that cocaine has a direct toxic effect on the gut mucosa [358].…”

Section: Gastrointestinal Toxicity and Cocainementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Studies in experimental animals have shown that COC induces hepatic ischemia and produces alterations in tissue perfusion and blood flow [250,251] which leads to an increase in xanthine oxidase (XO) activity and ROS generation by the mitochondrial respiratory chain. Furthermore, COC has been shown to deplete the cellular reduced GSH content and cause an imbalance in the antioxidant enzyme system by increasing the activity of mitochondrial superoxide dismutase (SOD), while decreasing the activities of GSH-Px and catalase (CAT) [246].…”

Section: Cocaine Mediated Hepatotoxicity (Cmh)mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Side Effects of Cocaine Abuse: Multiorgan Toxicity and Pathological Consequences

Riezzo

Fiore²,

Carlo³

et al. 2012

CMC

168

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Cocaine is a powerful stimulant of the sympathetic nervous system by inhibiting catecholamine reuptake, stimulating central sympathetic outflow, and increasing the sensitivity of adrenergic nerve endings to norepinephrine (NE). It is known, from numerous studies, that cocaine causes irreversible structural changes on the brain, heart, lung and other organs such as liver and kidney and there are many mechanisms involved in the genesis of these damages. Some effects are determined by the overstimulation of the adrenergic system. Most of the direct toxic effects are mediated by oxidative stress and by mitochondrial dysfunction produced during the metabolism of noradrenaline or during the metabolism of norcocaina, as in cocaine-induced hepathotoxicity. Cocaine is responsible for the coronary arteries vasoconstriction, atherosclerotic phenomena and thrombus formation. In this way, cocaine favors the myocardial infarction. While the arrhythmogenic effect of cocaine is mediated by the action on potassium channel (blocking), calcium channels (enhances the function) and inhibiting the flow of sodium during depolarization. Moreover chronic cocaine use is associated with myocarditis, ventricular hypertrophy, dilated cardiomyopathy and heart failure. A variety of respiratory problems temporally associated with crack inhalation have been reported. Cocaine may cause changes in the respiratory tract as a result of its pharmacologic effects exerted either locally or systemically, its method of administration (smoking, sniffing, injecting), or its alteration of central nervous system neuroregulation of pulmonary function. Renal failure resulting from cocaine abuse has been also well documented. A lot of studies demonstrated a high incidence of congenital cardiovascular and brain malformations in offspring born to mothers with a history of cocaine abuse.

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Cocaine

Olmedo¹,

Yates²,

Hoffman³

2017

Critical Care Toxicology

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Assessment of splanchnic blood flow in alcohol and drug abuse using radionuclide angiography

Cited by 8 publications

References 10 publications

Cocaine administration induces human splenic constriction and altered hematologic parameters

Cocaine administration induces human splenic constriction and altered hematologic parameters

Side Effects of Cocaine Abuse: Multiorgan Toxicity and Pathological Consequences

Cocaine

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