Assessment of spatial distribution of sediment contamination with heavy metals in the two biggest rivers in Poland

Jaskuła, Joanna; Sojka, Mariusz

doi:10.1016/j.catena.2021.105959

Cited by 47 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 69 publications

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“…Factor 4, on the other hand, is mainly associated with Cr (78.8%) and Ni (75.5%), as well as Zn (32.5%) and Pb (17.3%). Taking into account that the concentrations of HMs were from 49% (for Cd) to 86% (for Pb) higher than the geochemical background values in the surface sediments of the analyzed lakes, it indicates the delivery of these elements from anthropogenic sources 59 – 61 . It is difficult to attribute the distinguished factors to a specific source of pollution because the influence of many point and non-point sources overlaps.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 86%

Heavy metals in lake surface sediments in protected areas in Poland: concentration, pollution, ecological risk, sources and spatial distribution

Sojka

Jaskuła

Barabach

et al. 2022

Sci Rep

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This paper presents the state and spatial distribution of surface sediment contamination of 77 lakes in Poland by Cr, Ni, Cd, Pb, Zn, and Cu. The analyzed lakes were located within a network of nature protection areas in the territory of the European Union (EU). Spatial distribution of the heavy metals (HMs), factors favoring the delivery/accumulation of HMs in surface sediments, and pollution sources were analyzed. The results indicate the contamination of lake sediments by HMs, but the potentially toxic effects of HMs are only found in single lakes. The spatial distribution of Cr indicates predominant impacts of point sources, while for Pb, Ni, and Zn, the impact of non-point sources. The analysis showed the presence of areas with very high values of particular HMs (hot spots) in the western part of Poland, while a group of 5 lakes with very low values of Ni, Pb, and Zn (cold spots) was identified in the central part of Poland. Principal component analysis showed that presence of wetlands is a factor limiting HMs inflow to lakes. Also, lower HMs concentrations were found in lake surface sediments located in catchments with a higher proportion of national parks and nature reserves. Higher HMs concentrations were found in lakes with a high proportion of Special Protection Areas designated under the EU Birds Directive. The positive matrix factorization analysis identified four sources of HMs. High values of HMs concentrations indicate their delivery from industrial, urbanized, and agricultural areas. However, these impacts overlap, which disturbs the characteristic quantitative profiles assigned to these pollution sources.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 86%

Heavy metals in lake surface sediments in protected areas in Poland: concentration, pollution, ecological risk, sources and spatial distribution

Sojka

Jaskuła

Barabach

et al. 2022

Sci Rep

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“…The Contamination factor (C f ), the Contamination degree (C d ), and the Pollution Load Index (PLI) were used to evaluate specific heavy metals and the overall pollution level, respectively [40]. C f , C d, and PLI can be determined with Equations ( 5)- (7), respectively:…”

Section: Contamination and Ecological Risk Assessment Of Soil And Sed...mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Metals represent a major threat to the environment and to human health, as they can contaminate food chains, due to their environmental persistence as well as toxicity in the case of living organisms and bioaccumulation potential. Therefore, evaluating and monitoring the levels of potentially hazardous metals and metalloids in the exposed environmental areas and local biodiversity is crucial [7,8]. Among the most harmful metals and metalloids are nickel (Ni), chromium (Cr), copper (Cu), zinc (Zn), cadmium (Cd), lead (Pb), and arsenic (As).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Metal Contents and Pollution Indices Assessment of Surface Water, Soil, and Sediment from the Arieș River Basin Mining Area, Romania

et al. 2022

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The current study was conducted to assess the level and spatial distribution of metal pollution in surface water, soil, and sediment samples from the Arieș River basin, located in central Romania, an area impacted by various mining and industrial operations. Several pollution indices, spatial distributions, cluster analyses, principal component analyses, and heat maps were applied for evaluating the contamination level with Ni, Cu, Zn, Cd, Pb, Mn, As, and Hg in the area. Based on the results of the Heavy-Metal Pollution Index and of the Heavy-Metal Evaluation Index of the surface-water samples, the middle part of the Arieș River basin, near and downstream of the gold mine impoundment, was characterized by high pollution levels. The metal concentration was higher near the tailing impoundment, with increased levels of Cu, Ni, Zn, and Pb in the soil samples and As, Cd, Pb, Na, K, Ca, Mn, and Al in the sediment samples. Ca (23.7–219 mg/L), Mg (2.55–18.30 mg/L), K (0.64–14.70 mg/L), Al (0.06–22.80 mg/L), and Mn (0.03–22.40 mg/L) had the most remarkable spatial variation among the surface-water samples, while various metal contents fluctuated strongly among the sampling locations. Al varied from 743 to 19,8 mg/kg, Fe from 529 to 11,4 mg/kg, Ca from 2316 to 11,8 mg/kg, and Mg from 967 to 2547 mg/kg in the soil samples, and Al varied from 3106 to 8022 mg/kg, Fe from 314 to 5982 mg/kg, Ca from 1367 to 8308 mg/kg, and Mg from 412 to 1913 mg/kg in the sediment samples. The Potential Ecological Risk Index values for soil and sediments were in the orders Cu > Ni > Pb > Hg > Cr > As > Mn > Zn > Cd and As > Cu > Cr > Cd > Pb > Ni > Hg > Mn > Zn, respectively, and the highest values were found around the gold mine impoundment.

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“…In addition, the water environment is being polluted as a result of rapid urbanization [ 15 , 16 , 17 ]. Rapid urbanization has led to increased stress on rivers including impacts on water quality [ 18 , 19 ], eutrophication and overgrowth processes [ 20 ], floods [ 21 ], and pollution of sediments with heavy metals [ 22 , 23 , 24 ]. Additionally, agricultural intensification can be a serious problem from the perspective of aquatic pollution by HMs [ 25 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Liu et al [ 43 ] indicate that in addition to primary land-use types, landscape diversity and structure are important to HM supply. As a result of overlapping natural and anthropogenic impacts and fluvial processes within even the same river, HM concentrations in river sediments can vary considerably [ 22 , 44 , 45 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Heavy Metals in River Sediments: Contamination, Toxicity, and Source Identification—A Case Study from Poland

Sojka

Jaskuła

2022

IJERPH

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This study investigated the spatial distribution, contamination, potential ecological risks and quantities of pollutant sources of six heavy metals (HMs) in sediments of 47 rivers. The catchments of the investigated rivers are situated in Poland, but some of them are located in Slovakia, the Czech Republic, and Germany. Cluster analysis was applied to analyze the spatial distribution of Cd, Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb, and Zn in river sediments. Moran I and Getis-Ord Gi* statistics were calculated to reveal the distribution pattern and hotspot values. Principal component analysis (PCA) and positive matrix factorization (PMF) were used to identify pollution sources. Furthermore, geochemical indices and sediment quality guidelines allowed us to assess sediment contamination and potential toxic effects on aquatic biota. The results showed that in 1/3rd of the rivers, the HM pattern and concentrations indicate sediment contamination. The EF, PLI, and MPI indices indicate that concentrations were at a rather low level in 2/3rd of the analyzed rivers. Only in individual rivers may the HMs have toxic effects on aquatic biota. Spatial autocorrelation analysis using the Moran I statistic revealed a random and dispersed pattern of HMs in river sediments. PCA analysis identified two sources of HMs’ delivery to the aquatic environment. Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb, and Zn originate from point and non-point sources, while Cd concentrations have a dominant natural origin. The PMF identified three sources of pollution. Among them, urban pollution sources are responsible for Cu delivery, agricultural pollution for Zn, and industrial pollution for Ni and Cr. Moreover, the analysis showed no relationship between catchment land-use patterns and HM content in river sediments.

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Assessment of spatial distribution of sediment contamination with heavy metals in the two biggest rivers in Poland

Cited by 47 publications

References 69 publications

Heavy metals in lake surface sediments in protected areas in Poland: concentration, pollution, ecological risk, sources and spatial distribution

Heavy metals in lake surface sediments in protected areas in Poland: concentration, pollution, ecological risk, sources and spatial distribution

Metal Contents and Pollution Indices Assessment of Surface Water, Soil, and Sediment from the Arieș River Basin Mining Area, Romania

Heavy Metals in River Sediments: Contamination, Toxicity, and Source Identification—A Case Study from Poland

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