Assessment of Spaceflight Medical Conditions’ and Treatments’ Potential Impacts on Behavioral Health and Performance

Roma, Peter G.; Schneiderman, Jason S.; Schorn, Julia M.; Whiting, Sara E.; Landon, Lauren Blackwell; Williams, Thomas J.

doi:10.1016/j.lssr.2021.05.006

Cited by 8 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…To this end, the NASA Human Research Program is developing a set of standard measures (which will include, among other features, a neurocognitive test battery, actigraphy, subjective self-reports of mood, and tracking of various social processes and team performance outcomes) to codify and assess individual and team performance metrics in spaceflight and spaceflight analogs (Roma et al, 2018). This effort represents a systematic investment in this standardization of individual and team measures of performance, and will contribute to the future alignment of research in this domain.…”

Section: Gap Analysis and Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Team Dynamics and Collaborative Problem-Solving for Lunar Construction: Lessons From Complex Construction Scenarios on Earth

et al. 2023

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Objective This paper surveys the existing literature surrounding problem-solving and team dynamics in complex and unpredictable scenarios, and evaluates the applicability of studying Earth-based construction teams to identify training needs for Lunar construction crews. Background Lunar and other space exploration construction crews will work in extreme environments and face unpredictable challenges, necessitating real-time problem-solving to address unexpected contingencies. This work will require coordination with Mission Control and autonomous assistants, so crew training must account for multi-agent, distributed teamwork. Method A narrative literature review identified processes, attributes, and skills necessary for the success of Lunar construction teams. We summarized relevant frameworks and synthesized collective findings into over-arching trends and remaining research gaps. Results While significant literature exists surrounding team performance, very little systematic inquiry has been done with a focus on Lunar construction crews and operations, particularly with respect to dynamic problem-solving and team-based decision-making. Established and standardized metrics for evaluating team performance are lacking, resulting in significant variation in reported outcomes between studies. Conclusion Lunar and other space exploration construction teams will need training that focuses on developing the right approach to team-based problem-solving, rather than on preparing response execution for known contingencies. An investigation of successful Earth-based construction crews may facilitate the development of relevant metrics for training future Lunar construction crews. Application Metrics and team training protocols developed for future Lunar construction teams may be adaptable and applicable to a wide range of extreme teams facing uncertain challenges, such as aircrews, surgical teams, first responders, and construction crews.

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Section: Gap Analysis and Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Team Dynamics and Collaborative Problem-Solving for Lunar Construction: Lessons From Complex Construction Scenarios on Earth

et al. 2023

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“…These conditions are modeled in IMM but the assumption of constant incidence may underpredict when attempting to extrapolate to the 730 and 1195 day DRM cases. In addition, research into the secondary effects of the IMM medical conditions and their likely treatments suggests that both the symptoms and side effects have impacts on the behavioral and cognitive performance of the crew that may increase with mission duration 32 . These secondary effects are not considered by the CHI estimate.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Estimating medical risk in human spaceflight

et al. 2022

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NASA and commercial spaceflight companies will soon be retuning humans to the Moon and then eventually sending them on to Mars. These distant planetary destinations will pose new risks—in particular for the health of the astronaut crews. The bulk of the evidence characterizing human health and performance in spaceflight has come from missions in Low Earth Orbit. As missions last longer and travel farther from Earth, medical risk is expected to contribute an increasing proportion of total mission risk. To date, there have been no reliable estimates of how much. The Integrated Medical Model (IMM) is a Probabilistic Risk Assessment (PRA) Monte-Carlo simulation tool developed by NASA for medical risk assessment. This paper uses the IMM to provide an evidence-based, quantified medical risk estimate comparison across different spaceflight mission durations. We discuss model limitations and unimplemented capabilities providing insight into the complexity of medical risk estimation for human spaceflight. The results enable prioritization of medical needs in the context of other mission risks. These findings provide a reasonable bounding estimate for medical risk in missions to the Moon and Mars and hold value for risk managers and mission planners in performing cost-benefit trades for mission capability and research investments.

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“…Many studies have shown that prolonged exposure to microgravity result in a range of harmful effects on human physiology and psychology that could threat the health of astronauts both during their mission in space and after returning to Earth (Lloyd et al., 2015). It is well known that spaceflight not only causes bone and muscle loss or atrophy but also compromises immune functions and leads to extremely harmful to human health metabolic disorder (Roma et al., 2021). Of all space diseases, microgravity‐induced osteoporosis and its complications, particularly weight‐bearing bones, are listed by the US National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) as the number one health risk factor for astronauts (Sibonga, 2013).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of microalgae on preventing bone loss in C57BL/6J mice induced by hindlimb suspension

et al. 2023

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Bone loss caused by microgravity severely damages the health of astronauts; however, no effective countermeasures exist. Microalgae are microscopic algae rich in protein, polysaccharide, and other nutrients, which can provide astronauts with safe food and oxygen supply in the space ecosystem. Recent studies have demonstrated that microalgae can potentially reduce bone loss in primary osteoporosis. Here, a hindlimb suspension (HLS) mouse (C57BL/6J) model was used to investigate the potential effects of five different microalgae in preventing microgravity‐induced bone loss. The results showed that long‐term administration of 300 mg/kg body weight/day Spirulina platensis (SP) significantly reduced bone loss and increased trabecular number and bone strength. In addition, mice in the HLS group also exhibited disordered gut microbiota with increased Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes, decreased fecal short‐chain fatty acids levels, and increased levels of colonic proinflammatory cytokines interleukin‐6 and tumor necrosis factor‐α. To a certain extent, SP reduced these changes and maintained homeostasis of the intestinal environment. These results suggest that SP has a potential enhancing effect on resistance to bone loss in HLS mice.

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Assessment of Spaceflight Medical Conditions’ and Treatments’ Potential Impacts on Behavioral Health and Performance

Cited by 8 publications

References 27 publications

Team Dynamics and Collaborative Problem-Solving for Lunar Construction: Lessons From Complex Construction Scenarios on Earth

Team Dynamics and Collaborative Problem-Solving for Lunar Construction: Lessons From Complex Construction Scenarios on Earth

Estimating medical risk in human spaceflight

Evaluation of microalgae on preventing bone loss in C57BL/6J mice induced by hindlimb suspension

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