Assessment of Some Heavy Metals in the Dead Sea Mud and Treatment Optimization

Abu‐Zurayk, Rund; Bozeya, Ayat; Abu‐Irmaileh, Bashaer; Abu-Mallouh, Saida; Bawab, Abeer Al; Al-Dujaili, Ammar H.

doi:10.1080/15320383.2017.1313193

Cited by 5 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…The removal efficiency was increased by increasing the extractant concentrations. Similar results were reported by Abu-Zurayk et al [28], Elliott and Brown [43], Pichtel and Pichtel [44], and Khodadoust et al [45]. Furthermore, citric acid and EDTA are more effective in the removal of PTEs than acetic acid, DTPA, EDDS, and NTA, which conforms well with the findings of the recent research by Maturi and Reddy [25], Song et al [27], Amir et al [29], Lumia et al [32], and Di Palma and Mecozzi [46].…”

Section: Selection Of Extractantsupporting

confidence: 92%

“…Furthermore, citric acid and EDTA are more effective in the removal of PTEs than acetic acid, DTPA, EDDS, and NTA, which conforms well with the findings of the recent research by Maturi and Reddy [25], Song et al [27], Amir et al [29], Lumia et al [32], and Di Palma and Mecozzi [46]. Citric acid was effective in removing PTEs from contaminated media mainly owing to the better solubilization of the PTEs at low pHs during the extractions [28,45]. EDTA has a high metal-EDTA complexing affinity and forms strong water-soluble metal complexes [44,47].…”

Section: Selection Of Extractantsupporting

confidence: 88%

“…linked to the emergence of intense turbulence, which reduces the thickness of the e mass transfer resistance around the metal particles [28]. Mixing speeds of 500, 75 1000 rpm exhibited similar patterns of variation in the Ni and V removal.…”

Section: Effect Of Mixing Speed and Timementioning

confidence: 91%

“…To determine the best mixing speed for the PTE removal, the mixing speed was increased from 250 to 1000 rpm, with increments of 250 rpm, and with time intervals of 2, 4, 6, and 12 h. The removal of Ni and V using citric acid and EDTA were affected by increasing the mixing speed from 250 to 500 rpm (Figures 6 and 7). The increased efficiency is linked to the emergence of intense turbulence, which reduces the thickness of the external mass transfer resistance around the metal particles [28]. Mixing speeds of 500, 750, and 1000 rpm exhibited similar patterns of variation in the Ni and V removal.…”

Section: Effect Of Mixing Speed and Timementioning

confidence: 96%

“…Recently, the significant advances in remediation techniques have decisively shown that desorbing agents, such as acetic acid, citric acid, tartaric acid, diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid (DTPA), [S,S]-ethylenediaminedisuccinic acid (EDDS), ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA), and nitrilotriacetic acid (NTA), can dislodge and dissolve PTEs in clayey soils and contaminated media [23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30][31][32][33]. Therefore, this study aims to quantitatively determine the PTE concentrations in Carboniferous kaolin in Wadi Abu Natash, in southwestern Sinai, Egypt.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Optimization of Carboniferous Egyptian Kaolin Treatment for Pharmaceutical Applications

et al. 2022

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This paper quantitatively determines the occurrences of potentially toxic elements in Carboniferous kaolin in southwestern Sinai, Egypt. This research describes, in detail, the experimental treatment optimization to be used in pharmaceutical applications. The concentrations of As, Co, Ni, Pb, and V in these kaolin deposits exceed the Permitted Concentrations of Elemental Impurities for oral use in pharmaceutical applications. Herein, six desorbing agents (acetic acid, citric acid, DTPA, EDDS, EDTA, and NTA) were utilized as extracting solutions in batch-wise extractions to select the proper reagents. Parameters such as the pH, the mixing speed and time, and the solid–solution ratio were varied to optimize the extraction conditions. The findings indicate that citric acid and EDTA were effective in the removal of the aforementioned elements. The results reveal that the optimum removal of potentially toxic elements from kaolin can be achieved using citric acid and EDTA concentrations of 0.2 M and 0.1 M, respectively, for the treatment of 5 g of kaolin, under a pH of 4 for citric acid, and a pH of 10 for EDTA. The ideal mixing speed and time are 500 rpm and 6 h, respectively. Using 1:10 S/L of citric acid and EDTA showed removal rates of 100% for all the investigated PTEs. We recommend this treatment for different kinds of kaolin showing various degrees of contamination.

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