Assessment of Selected Intestinal Permeability Markers in Children with Food Allergy Depending on the Type and Severity of Clinical Symptoms

Abstract

Background: Food allergy (FA) has a broad range of symptoms, and clinical manifestations may concern several reactions from one system or organ. Aim: The aim of the study was to assess intestinal permeability (IP) based on the analysis of serum zonulin and bacterial lipopolysaccharides (LPS) levels in children with FA, taking into account the pathomechanism of immune reaction, clinical symptoms of FA and their severity. Material and methods: The study comprised 103 patients aged 7–60 months (median 34); 49 children with IgE-mediated allergy and 25 children with non-IgE-mediated allergy; the reference group comprised 29 children with functional gastrointestinal disorders. IP markers were determined using ELISA. Results: There was no correlation between the severity of clinical symptoms and the level of IP markers in children with FA. Zonulin and LPS levels were significantly higher in children with FA and gastrointestinal symptoms. Zonulin levels in the subgroup of children with non-IgE-mediated FA and gastrointestinal symptoms were significantly higher than in the subgroup of children with IgE-mediated FA and these symptoms. The level of LPS was significantly higher in the subgroup with IgE-mediated FA and atopic dermatitis. Conclusions: Zonulin and LPS levels were significantly higher in children with FA compared to children from the reference group. Zonulin levels were significantly higher in children with non-IgE-mediated FA than in children with IgE-mediated FA.

The role of nutrition, food allergies, and gut dysbiosis in immune-mediated inflammatory skin disease: a narrative review

“…Thirty-two studies were eligible and therefore included: 13 narrative reviews [1,3,4 ▪ ,5,6 ▪ ,7 ▪ ,8–10,11 ▪ ,12,13 ▪ ,14 ▪ ], 4 meta-analyses (MA) [15,16 ▪▪ ,17 ▪▪ ,18], 3 randomized controlled trials (RCTs) [19,20 ▪▪ ,21], 2 retrospective case control studies [22,23], 2 retrospective cohort studies [24 ▪▪ ,25], 2 prospective cohort studies [26 ▪▪ ,27 ▪▪ ], 2 animal studies [28,29], 1 prospective cross-sectional study [30 ▪▪ ], 1 systematic review [31], 1 case control study [32 ▪ ], and 1 genome-wide association study (GWAS) [33 ▪▪ ]. The data found that nutrition, microbiome, and gut dysbiosis play a significant role in the development and progression of various inflammatory and immune-related skin conditions, such as psoriasis, AD, HS, and alopecia areata (AA).…”

“…Diet plays a crucial role in maintaining healthy skin. When certain foods impair the intestinal barrier, it can lead to gut bacteria entering the bloodstream via ‘leaky gut syndrome’ and contribute to skin conditions such as psoriasis and AD [3,4 ▪ ,26 ▪▪ ]. Microorganisms in the gut aid in metabolic and immune function by breaking down indigestible complex polysaccharides into essential nutrients.…”

Calcitriol Alleviates AKI Via Inhibiting Intestinal Inflammation and Restoring Intestinal Microbiota

“…However, LPS may escape the intestinal lumen under pathological conditions. Elevated LPS levels in systemic circulation may indicate intestinal permeability disorder or epithelial damage (26). Studies have con rmed that in response to LPS stimulation, IκB is phosphorylated and degraded, thereby allowing the activation of NF-κB.…”

Limosilactobacillus fermentum CECT5716: Clinical Potential of a Probiotic Strain Isolated from Human Milk

“…This increased stress response can alter systemic cortisol levels and affect learning processes. Moreover, a stressinduced decrease in intestinal barrier function might be associated with long-term health consequences such as increased incidence of allergies [97,98]. A potential option to ameliorate these stress-induced consequences might be early life administration of probiotics, including L. fermentum CECT5716.…”