Assessment of Salivary Catalase, α-Amylase, and Cotinine Levels in Chronic Smokers: A Comparative Study

Abstract

Introduction:One of the common practices observed in many parts of the world is smoking, of which tobacco forms an important constituent which is burned and inhaled. Smoking is known to have potential effect on body's immune system, antioxidants level, and salivary cotinine levels. Hence, we planned the present study to evaluate the impact of cigarette smoke on salivary antioxidant levels and cotinine levels in smokers and nonsmokers. Materials and methods:The present study included assessment of salivary parameters of smokers and nonsmokers. A total of 400 subjects were analyzed, of which 200 were active smokers and 200 were nonsmokers. Unstimulated salivary samples were taken and assessment of α-amylase levels was done using biochemical kit and spectrophotometer. Assessment of salivary catalase (CAT) activity was done using Luck method. For the determination of cotinine levels, Bioassay Technology Laboratory kit was used using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) technique. After the assessment of levels of all the salivary parameters, all the data were recorded, compiled, and analyzed.Results: α-Amylase in smokers and nonsmokers group was found to be 206.25 and 169.85 U/mL respectively. Nonsignificant results were obtained while comparing the salivary α-amylase levels among the two study groups. Nonsignificant results were Assessment of Salivary

Salivary oxidative stress level among tobacco chewers and smokers- A comparative Study

“…A case-control study among tobacco chewers showed a significant increase and decrease in the salivary MDA and CAT levels compared to controls. [41] These results are in consistency with results of our study which also showed a significant increase and decrease in the salivary MDA and CAT levels among tobacco chewers.…”

Salivary oxidative stress level among tobacco chewers and smokers: A comparative Study

“…[ 25 ] A case–control study among tobacco chewers showed a significant increase and decrease in the salivary MDA and CAT levels compared to controls. [ 26 ] These results are found to be similar to the results of the present study. In contrast, a previous study among 200 smokers and nonsmokers showed no significant difference in salivary CAT levels.…”

Ethanol- and Cigarette Smoke-Related Alternations in Oral Redox Homeostasis

“…A large panel of papers evaluating the antioxidant capacity of smokers' saliva is available. The results of most studies clearly indicate that smoking cigarettes is accompanied by decreased activity of endogenous salivary enzymatic antioxidants such as SOD, CAT and Px as well as reduced concentration of non-enzymatic endo-and exoantioxidants: GSH, UA (Nagler) and vitamin C (Klein et al, 2003;Reznick et al, 2003;Nagler, 2007;Abdolsamadi et al, 2011;Falsafi et al, 2016;Arbabi-Kalati et al, 2017;Singh et al, 2018). According to the available evidence, cigarette smoke disturbs the metabolism of trace elements which are cofactors of antioxidant enzymes (copper and zinc as cofactors of SOD, iron as cofactor of CAT), thus reducing their activity (Nobari et al, 2021).…”