Assessment of Safety on Evacuating Route During Underground Flooding

Ishigaki, Taisuke; Kawanaka, Ryuji; Onishi, Yoshizumi; Shimada, Hiroaki; Toda, Keiichi; Baba, Yasuyuki

doi:10.1007/978-3-540-89465-0_27

Cited by 35 publications

(33 citation statements)

References 2 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Chen et al [19] described that the thresholds were chosen based on experimental values. Ishigaki et al [28] suggested that inundation depth = 0.3 m is the safety limit for elders to walk through. Hereafter this study evaluates the model performance using a threshold = 0.3 m. When comparing the results in Pingtung (Figure 6), the SPMD (0.33) has better fit indicators than the SPME (0.16) (Figure 11).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison of Different Grid Cell Ordering Approaches in a Simplified Inundation Model

Yang

Chen

Chang

et al. 2015

Water

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

This study proposes a simplified model for non-riverine flood routing using a digital elevation model. The model has the advantage of running with only a few types of input, such as topographic data and cumulative rainfall. Given its ease of use, the model is stable and reliable for developing a real-time inundation forecasting system. This model uses two approaches to determine the collection of cells from which flooding is assumed to originate: (1) A traditional "lowest-elevation approach" that assumes flooding originates from the lowest elevations and that is only based on topographic data; and (2) a novel "D-infinity contributing area approach" that assumes flooding originates at the cells toward which the flow moves and that considers in situ topography and upslope information. The flood water is transferred based on the flat-water assumption that the water levels of adjacent cells are equalized.

show abstract

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison of Different Grid Cell Ordering Approaches in a Simplified Inundation Model

Yang

Chen

Chang

et al. 2015

Water

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…the degree of flood hazard (Xia et al 2011), including: (1) formulae based on mechanical analysis and calibrated using laboratory experiments with models and/or real human subjects (Foster and Cox 1973;Abt et al 1989;Takahashi et al 1992;Karvonen et al 2000;Yee 2003;Jonkman and Penning-Rowsell 2008a, b;Russo et al 2013), and (2) formulae based on empirical or quasi-theoretical studies (Keller and Mitsch 1993;Lind et al 2004;Penning-Rowsell et al 2005a;Ramsbottom et al 2003Ramsbottom et al , 2006Ishigaki et al 2005Ishigaki et al , 2009). However, flood hazard assessments methods based only on laboratory experiments with models and/or real human subjects are usually too dependent on the physical characteristics of the model or the human subject, and cognitive characteristics of the tested human subjects, whereas flood hazard assessment methods based on empirical or quasi-theoretical work often excessively over-simplify the anatomy of human body and the hydraulic characteristics of the flow (Jonkman and Penning-Rowsell 2008a, b;Xia et al 2014).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Flood hazard assessment for extreme flood events

2016

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Climate change is expected to result in an increase in the frequency and intensity of extreme weather events. In turn, this will result in more frequent occurrences of extreme flood events, such as flash flooding and large-scale river flooding. This being the case, there is a need for more accurate flood risk assessment schemes, particularly in areas prone to extreme flooding. This study investigates what type of flood hazard assessment methods should be used for assessing the flood hazard to people caused by extreme flooding. Two flood hazard assessment criteria were tested, namely: a widely used, empirically derived method, and recently introduced, physically based and experimentally calibrated method. The two selected flood hazard assessment methods were: (1) validated against experimental data, and (2) used to assess flood hazard indices for two different extreme flood events, namely: the 2010 Kostanjevica na Krki extreme river flood and the 2007 Ž elezniki flash flood. The results obtained in this study suggest that in the areas prone to extreme flooding, the flood hazard indices should be based on using the formulae derived for a mechanics-based analysis, as these formulations consider all of the physical forces acting on a human body in floodwaters, take into account the rapid changes in the flow regime, which often occur for extreme flood events, and enable a rapid assessment of the degree of flood hazard risk in a short time period, a feature particularly important when assessing flood hazard indices for high Froude numbers flows.

show abstract

“…The assessment of safety on evacuating routes has been carried out by using calculated water depth and flow velocity of inundation by 2D shallow flow model, and the relation between the specific force and evacuation speed on the basis of evacuation tests (Ishigaki et al 2008b). …”

Section: Safety Analysis Of Evacuating Routesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The relation between M 0 values and evacuation speed doi: 10.2166/wst.2010.455 was discussed on the basis of experimental data obtained by evacuation tests and the assessment of safety on evacuating routes during underground flooding (Ishigaki et al 2008b). As the previous studies focused mainly on the evacuation of males around 22 years old, the evacuation of aged persons are discussed in this paper by using further experimental data and numerical simulations.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Evacuation of aged persons from inundated underground space

Ishigaki

Asai

Nakahata

et al. 2010

Water Science and Technology

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Underground is an important space that supports function of cities, such as subways, shopping malls and basement parking. However in consequence a new type of disaster, the "urban flood" menaces these spaces. In the last decade, urban floods struck Tokyo, Nagoya and Fukuoka. When underground inundation occurs, people must evacuate to the ground as soon as possible. But, when such an inundation situation happens, aged persons may not be able to evacuate quickly to ground level. In this paper, the method of safety assessment for aged persons is discussed on the experimental results and flood simulation data in an underground space. As a criterion of the safety evacuation, the specific force per unit width is used in this study. From the result of experiments, it is difficult to implement safety evacuation when the specific force per unit width is over 0.100 m(2) for the aged male.

show abstract

Assessment of Safety on Evacuating Route During Underground Flooding

Cited by 35 publications

References 2 publications

Comparison of Different Grid Cell Ordering Approaches in a Simplified Inundation Model

Comparison of Different Grid Cell Ordering Approaches in a Simplified Inundation Model

Flood hazard assessment for extreme flood events

Evacuation of aged persons from inundated underground space

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About