“…Yet the vast literature on this topic rarely provides policymakers with precise recommendations about policy adoption intended to increase efficiency (Gearhart, 2016;Gravelle et al, 2003;Greene, 2004;Hollingsworth, 2003;Hollingsworth and Wildman, 2003;Kumbhakar, 2010;Street, 2003). In fact, most studies devote little attention to identifying the determinants of inefficiency in healthcare systems (Asandului et al, 2014;Bonasia et al, 2019;Häkkinen et al, 2013;Joumard et al, 2010;Kujawska, 2015;Kumbhakar, 2010;Medeiros and Schwierz, 2015;Papanicolas and Smith, 2013;Prachitha and Shanmugam, 2012;Retzlaff-Roberts et al, 2004). Further, even when the causes of inefficiency are identified, the most appropriate healthcare policy response is not specified and, therefore, no indications of the maximum level of efficiency attainable and the consequent possible expenditure savings are given.…”