Assessment of psychotropic-like properties of a probiotic formulation (<i>Lactobacillus helveticus</i>R0052 and<i>Bifidobacterium longum</i>R0175) in rats and human subjects

Messaoudi, Michaël; Lalonde, Robert; Violle, Nicolas; Javelot, Hervé; Desor, Didier; Nejdi, Amine; Bisson, Jean‐François; Rougeot, Catherine; Pichelin, Matthieu; Cazaubiel, Murielle; Cazaubiel, Jean-Marc

doi:10.1017/s0007114510004319

Cited by 1,139 publications

(887 citation statements)

References 75 publications

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“…Future studies should examine the relationship between howler GI microbiome composition and health directly by measuring health factors that might be influenced by the microbiome such as glucocorticoid levels, parasite abundance and diversity and immunoglobulin A levels (Macpherson et al, 2008;Neish, 2009;Messaoudi et al, 2010). Black howler monkeys living in small, highly disturbed forest fragments are reported to exhibit higher fecal glucocorticoid levels than those inhabiting less-disturbed forest (Martinez-Mota et al, 2007), and studies of several howler species, including black howlers in Palenque, have reported higher GI parasite diversity and abundance in primates inhabiting degraded areas compared with those in relatively undisturbed habitats (Eckert et al, 2006;Stoner and Gonzalez Di Pierro, 2006;Trejo-Macias et al, 2007;Vitazkova and Wade, 2007;Trejo-Macias and Estrada, 2012).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Reductions in GI microbiome diversity may reduce microbial functional groups, making the microbiome less efficient, less resistant to disturbance and more susceptible to pathogenic invasion (Rosenfeld, 2002;Costello et al, 2012). Hosts with low GI microbiome diversity also exhibit increased stress responses (higher glucocorticoid levels) and reduced immune function (fewer cells that secrete local, strain-specific immunoglobulin A) (Macpherson et al, 2008;Neish, 2009;Messaoudi et al, 2010;Hooper et al, 2012).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Habitat degradation impacts black howler monkey (Alouatta pigra) gastrointestinal microbiomes

et al. 2013

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The gastrointestinal (GI) microbiome contributes significantly to host nutrition and health. However, relationships involving GI microbes, their hosts and host macrohabitats remain to be established. Here, we define clear patterns of variation in the GI microbiomes of six groups of Mexican black howler monkeys (Alouatta pigra) occupying a gradation of habitats including a continuous evergreen rainforest, an evergreen rainforest fragment, a continuous semi-deciduous forest and captivity. High throughput microbial 16S ribosomal RNA gene sequencing indicated that diversity, richness and composition of howler GI microbiomes varied with host habitat in relation to diet. Howlers occupying suboptimal habitats consumed less diverse diets and correspondingly had less diverse gut microbiomes. Quantitative real-time PCR also revealed a reduction in the number of genes related to butyrate production and hydrogen metabolism in the microbiomes of howlers occupying suboptimal habitats, which may impact host health.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Habitat degradation impacts black howler monkey (Alouatta pigra) gastrointestinal microbiomes

et al. 2013

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“…60 Other events that lead to a change in the composition of gut microbiota such as infection or use of probiotics can also change the level of anxiety. 89,[103][104][105] Further, it is shown that the behavioral phenotype of anxietyprone strains of mice is also dependent on their existing microbiota. For example, BALB/c mice exhibit a highly anxious phenotype that does not show much exploratory locomotion in a new environment, while NIH Swiss mice show less anxiety and more exploratory motions in the same environment.…”

Section: Stress Response and Anxietymentioning

confidence: 99%

Modulatory Effects of Gut Microbiota on the Central Nervous System: How Gut Could Play a Role in Neuropsychiatric Health and Diseases

Yarandi

Peterson

Treisman

et al. 2016

J Neurogastroenterol Motil

222

134

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Gut microbiome is an integral part of the Gut-Brain axis. It is becoming increasingly recognized that the presence of a healthy and diverse gut microbiota is important to normal cognitive and emotional processing. It was known that altered emotional state and chronic stress can change the composition of gut microbiome, but it is becoming more evident that interaction between gut microbiome and central nervous system is bidirectional. Alteration in the composition of the gut microbiome can potentially lead to increased intestinal permeability and impair the function of the intestinal barrier. Subsequently, neuro-active compounds and metabolites can gain access to the areas within the central nervous system that regulate cognition and emotional responses. Deregulated inflammatory response, promoted by harmful microbiota, can activate the vagal system and impact neuropsychological functions. Some bacteria can produce peptides or short chain fatty acids that can affect gene expression and inflammation within the central nervous system. In this review, we summarize the evidence supporting the role of gut microbiota in modulating neuropsychological functions of the central nervous system and exploring the potential underlying mechanisms.

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“…This might occur through a variety of local pathways, such as competitive exclusion of other bacteria, the production of antibacterial bacteriocins or alteration in the fermentation capacity of the microbiota. Studies also demonstrate probiotics might alter motility (72) , reduce intestinal permeability (73,74) , normalise inflammatory profile (IL-10:IL-12) (75) , reduce visceral hypersensivity (73,76) , attenuate anxiety behaviours (77)(78)(79) and modulate brain activity (80) in IBS. Most probiotic supplementation studies in IBS do not assess the luminal or mucosal microbiota composition in order to provide plausible evidence that colonisation of the microorganism(s) and modification of the microbiota are in part responsible for any clinical improvement.…”

Section: Probioticsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Altered gastrointestinal microbiota in irritable bowel syndrome and its modification by diet: probiotics, prebiotics and the low FODMAP diet

Staudacher

Whelan

2016

Proc. Nutr. Soc.

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Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is a functional bowel disorder characterised by abdominal pain or discomfort with disordered defecation. This review describes the role of the gastrointestinal (GI) microbiota in the pathogenesis of IBS and how dietary strategies to manage symptoms impact on the microbial community. Evidence suggests a dysbiosis of the luminal and mucosal colonic microbiota in IBS, frequently characterised by a reduction in species of Bifidobacteria which has been associated with worse symptom profile. Probiotic supplementation trials suggest intentional modulation of the GI microbiota may be effective in treating IBS. A smaller number of prebiotic supplementation studies have also demonstrated effectiveness in IBS whilst increasing Bifidobacteria. In contrast, a novel method of managing IBS symptoms is the restriction of short-chain fermentable carbohydrates (low fermentable oligosaccharides, disaccharides, monosaccharides and polyols (FODMAP) diet). Studies consistently demonstrate clinical effectiveness of the low FODMAP diet in patients with IBS. However, one unintentional consequence of this dietary intervention is its impact on the microbiota. This leads to an interesting paradox; namely, increasing luminal Bifidobacteria through probiotic supplementation is associated with a reduction in IBS symptoms while in direct conflict to this, the low FODMAP diet has clinical efficacy but markedly reduces luminal Bifidobacteria concentration. Given the multifactorial aetiology of IBS, the heterogeneity of symptoms and the complex and diverse nature of the microbiome, it is probable that both interventions are effective in patient subgroups. However combination treatment has never been explored and as such, presents an exciting opportunity for optimising clinical management, whilst preventing potentially deleterious effects on the GI microbiota. Irritable bowel syndrome: Prebiotic: Probiotic: FODMAP Irritable bowel syndromeFunctional bowel disorders are characterised by chronic lower gastrointestinal (GI) symptoms in the absence of alarm features that suggest presence of other disease (1,2) . The criteria for irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), one of the most common functional bowel disorders, requires the presence of abdominal pain or discomfort together with an alteration in stool output (1) . IBS is a common condition worldwide, contributes up to 30 % of gastroenterology consultations in the UK (3) , affects more females than males and is more prevalent in those under 40 years of age (4) . A pooled prevalence of IBS in 14 % of females and 9 % of males has been reported in a large systematic review and meta-analysis of fifty-five studies conducted across America, Asia, Europe and Africa (4) .Four different IBS subtypes exist based on predominant stool form, and each may differ in their aetiology.

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Assessment of psychotropic-like properties of a probiotic formulation (Lactobacillus helveticusR0052 andBifidobacterium longumR0175) in rats and human subjects

Cited by 1,139 publications

References 75 publications

Habitat degradation impacts black howler monkey (Alouatta pigra) gastrointestinal microbiomes

Habitat degradation impacts black howler monkey (Alouatta pigra) gastrointestinal microbiomes

Modulatory Effects of Gut Microbiota on the Central Nervous System: How Gut Could Play a Role in Neuropsychiatric Health and Diseases

Altered gastrointestinal microbiota in irritable bowel syndrome and its modification by diet: probiotics, prebiotics and the low FODMAP diet

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