Assessment of Potential Toxicity of Onion-like Carbon Nanoparticles from Grilled Turbot Scophthalmus maximus L.

Abstract

Although the presence of foodborne nanoparticles was confirmed in grilled fish in a previous study, the evaluation of potential health risks of these NPs was insufficient. In the present study, the potential toxicity of onion-like carbon nanoparticles (OCNPs) separated from grilled turbot Scophthalmus maximus L. was evaluated using mouse osteoblasts cells model and zebrafish (Danio rerio) model. Cytotoxicity evaluation revealed that the OCNPs penetrated into the MC3T3-E1 cells without arousing cell morphology changes. No evident apoptosis or damage of cells was observed with increasing OCNPs’ concentration to 20 mg/mL. In the hemolysis test, OCNPs did not show an obvious hemolysis effect on red blood cells. In the acute toxicity test, the LC50 value (212.431 mg/L) of OCNPs to zebrafish showed a weak acute toxicity. In subacute toxicity test, after exposure to OCNPs (30 mg/L, 40 mg/L) for 10 days, a significant increase of reactive oxygen species level of zebrafish was observed. Meanwhile, redundant ROS content caused inhibition to several antioxidant enzymes and induced lipid and protein peroxidation damages according to the upregulation of malondialdehyde and protein carbonyl levels. The chronic toxicity test results indicated that oxidative stress was only observed in the high concentration group of OCNPs-treated zebrafish.

Physicochemical characterization, biodistribution, and bio‐effects of fluorescent carbon dots from roasted Spanish mackerel

“…The CDs from pizza also resulted in cell cycle arrest (Cong et al, 2019), and the CDs from preserved yellow croakers restrained oxidative phosphorylation (Li, Na, et al, 2019). These results indicated that the CDs in food may lead to uncertainty effects (Wang et al, 2021).…”

“…The CDs from pizza also resulted in cell cycle arrest (Cong et al., 2019), and the CDs from preserved yellow croakers restrained oxidative phosphorylation (Li, Na, et al., 2019). These results indicated that the CDs in food may lead to uncertainty effects (Wang et al., 2021). Earlier works have confirmed that the CDs from beer, Coke, and Pepsi can penetrate the blood–brain barrier and enter mice brain tissue (Li et al., 2018; Wang, Liu, et al., 2019).…”

Fluorescent Nanocarbons: From Synthesis and Structure to Cancer Imaging and Therapy

“…lines have discovered that CNOs seem safer, with much less toxicity towards cells than CNTs, as demonstrated by the low incidence of apoptotic cells after exposure. [90,415,416] While CNTs caused an innate immune response at a high dose of >0.6 μg mL −1 , CNOs did not induce such cellular toxicity even at a tenfold higher dosage of >6 μg mL −1 . [417] Despite the lack of convincing data on CNOs' toxicity, research on their potential use in many biomedical fields has already begun, with the number of published papers growing rapidly.…”

“…Several studies conducted to evaluate the toxicity effects of CNOs against various cell lines have discovered that CNOs seem safer, with much less toxicity towards cells than CNTs, as demonstrated by the low incidence of apoptotic cells after exposure. [ 90,415,416 ] While CNTs caused an innate immune response at a high dose of >0.6 µg mL −1 , CNOs did not induce such cellular toxicity even at a tenfold higher dosage of >6 µg mL −1 . [ 417 ]…”

Potential Environmental and Health Implications from the Scaled-Up Production and Disposal of Nanomaterials Used in Biosensors

“…In zebrafish, exposure to OCNPs resulted in the production of ROS (2.5 mg/L), damaged lipids and proteins, and, at high concentrations, OCNPs caused mortality (maximum tolerance dose 25 mg/L and absolute lethal concentration 1000 mg/L). These findings suggest that prolonged exposure to OCNPs harms organisms [ 84 ].…”