Assessment of Plant Condition by Express-Diagnostic Methods

Ерошенко, Ф В; Сторчак, И Г; Чернова, И В

doi:10.32417/article_5d52af440f71b8.16701399

Cited by 6 publications

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“…Одним из путей повышения продуктивности культурных растений является использование их физиологических характеристик [5]. Наиболее эффективным в этом плане может рассматриваться фотосинтез, который лежит в основе образования органического вещества растительного происхождения.…”

Section: постановка проблемы (Introduction)unclassified

Fluorescence of corn chlorophyll and the mechanism of increasing its yield when applying mineral fertilizers

Ovsyannikov

2021

Agrarian Bulletin of The

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Abstract. In previously conducted experiments it was found that the improvement of mineral nutrition of plants contributes to the increase of net productivity of photosynthesis. However, the methods used to determine this indicator are not based on direct determination of the values of photosynthetic indicators, but on calculations based on taking into account the area of plant leaves and the formation of dry matter. The aim of the work was to directly determine the effect of fertilizer application on chlorophyll fluorescence and photosynthetic activity of plants. Research methodology. To directly assess the effect of mineral fertilizers on the efficiency of the photosynthetic apparatus, the RAM-250 fluorometer was used. Observations were made on corn leaves. The fluorescence was measured six times over. Results. It was found that the application of mineral fertilizers slightly changed the intensity of photosynthesis in terms of Fv/Fm. So the average value of Fv/Fm increased from 0.763 for the background without fertilizers to 0.775 Rel. units for the fertilized background. Dispersion analysis showed that these changes are insignificant. But, at the same time, when applying mineral fertilizers, the yield of green corn mass increased from 20.5 t/ha to 24.0 t/ha, i. e. by 17 %, and the collection of dry matter from 5.5 t/ha to 6.7 t/ha, or by 22 %. At the same time, a corresponding 25 % increase in the size of the root system of maize plants was observed. Thus, it was found that the introduction of mineral fertilizers increasing the yield of cultivated plants is not necessarily accompanied by an increase in the activity of their photosynthetic apparatus. This is the novelty of the research. The explanation of the mechanism of increasing the productivity of maize plants when applying mineral fertilizers is given.

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Section: постановка проблемы (Introduction)unclassified

Fluorescence of corn chlorophyll and the mechanism of increasing its yield when applying mineral fertilizers

Ovsyannikov

2021

Agrarian Bulletin of The

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“…Разработаны научные подходы к оценке качества пахотных земель на основе анализа временной динамики вегетационного индекса (NDVI) различных полевых культур и межгодовой вариабельности его сезонного максимума, используемого в качестве индикатора состояния посевов и урожайности [8,9]. Обоснована перспективность применения данных ДДЗ для определения потребности растений в азотном питании [10] и использования портативных оптических устройств для измерения вегетационного индекса (NDVI) наземным способом [4]. Предпринимаются попытки моделирования динамики NDVI, определения времени наступления его максимальных значений и прогнозирования сроков уборки [2].…”

Section: Introductionunclassified

Varietal Specificity of Opto-Biological Properties and Phytometric Parameters of Winter Wheat Crops

Gulyanov¹,

Николаев²,

Yakovlev³

2021

TVAN

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Identification of varietal specificity of opto-biological properties of field crops is necessary for adequate interpretation of satellite images, rapid determination of phytometric parameters of crops, indication of the level of their development and justification of corrective technological solutions. The aim of the research was to evaluate the opto-biological properties and phytometric parameters of diverse biological varieties of winter wheat; identify their relationship and inter-variety variability in high-tech reference crops based on satellite and ground monitoring. Field studies were conducted in 2019-2020 on the site of competitive ecological variety testing laid on the experimental field of the Orenburg State Agrarian University in the zone of the southern steppes of the Orenburg Cis-Urals (Preduralye). During the study, we found that agrocenoses of different winter wheat varieties differ markedly in opto-biological properties expressed in normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) values. Varieties ‘Grom’, ‘Don 95’, ‘Bystritsa’, ‘Spartak’, ‘Stanichnaya’ and ‘Sintetik’ were characterized by the lowest average NDVI values during the growing season (0.57-0.59). Higher NDVI values (0.67) were observed in the crops of ‘Zhemchuzhina Povolzhya’, ‘Kolos Orenburzhya’, ‘Orenburgskaya 105’, ‘Rifey’ and ‘Pionerskaya 32’ varieties. The variability between the varieties according to the lowest (0.51 – ‘Grom’, 0.52 – ‘Don 95’) and the highest (0.69 – ‘Kolos Orenburzhya’, 0.70 – ‘Pionerskaya 32’, 0.69 – ‘Orenburgskaya 105’) NDVI values during the maximum assimilation apparatus development reached 0.17-0.19 units (phase of full spring tillering). By the heading, when NDVI was 0.78–0.79 and 0.85 units, respectively, this difference somewhat leveled but, in general, remained significant – at the level of 0.08-0.11 units (10.9–14.9 %). The largest leaf area (30 thousand m2/ha) was typical for the crops of ‘Saratovskaya 17’, ‘Kolos Orenburzhya’, ‘Orenburgskaya 105’, ‘Rifey’ and ‘Pionerskaya 32’. There was no direct inter-variety relationship between the leaf area and NDVI of winter wheat crops (R 2= 0.38).

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The effect of differentiated application of nitrogen fertilizers on the yield of potatoes (Solanum tuberosum L.) of the Snegir variety

Щуклина

2022

Ovoŝi Rossii

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Relevance. Potatoes belong to crops that place high demands on the level of mineral nutrition. He needs nitrogen especially badly. Timely introduction of calculated doses of nitrogen fertilizers based on the results of photometric diagnostics of plants allows rational use of fertilizers and increase potato yields.Material and methods. The studies were carried out in the conditions of the Central region of the Non-Chernozem zone on sod-podzolic medium loamy soils with a high content of mobile forms of phosphorus and potassium and a low humus content (1,9%). The object of research is an early-ripening potato variety Bullfinch. To recalculate the dose of nitrogen fertilizing, photometric diagnostics of crops was carried out with an optical sensor GreenSeeker RT200. Additionally, before and after fertilizing, a manual N-tester Yara was examined. Before the main harvest, a control digging of tubers was carried out to determine the structure of the crop with division into 4 fractions.Results. It was found that the introduction of nitrogen fertilizers into the top dressing during the closing phase of the tops in the form of ammonium nitrate has a generally favorable effect on the growth and development of potatoes. This is confirmed by the results of photometric diagnostics performed by the Yara N-tester during the withering phase of the tops. When applying top dressing with a fixed dose, the N-tester readings were 21,7% higher than in the control, and when applying fertilizers with a differentiated dose by 25,6%. The yield of potato tubers increased when applying a fixed dose of top dressing by 10,8%, differentiated by 14,5% compared to the control.

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Assessment of Plant Condition by Express-Diagnostic Methods

Cited by 6 publications

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Fluorescence of corn chlorophyll and the mechanism of increasing its yield when applying mineral fertilizers

Fluorescence of corn chlorophyll and the mechanism of increasing its yield when applying mineral fertilizers

Varietal Specificity of Opto-Biological Properties and Phytometric Parameters of Winter Wheat Crops

The effect of differentiated application of nitrogen fertilizers on the yield of potatoes (Solanum tuberosum L.) of the Snegir variety

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