Assessment of physiological capacities of elite athletes &amp; respiratory limitations to exercise performance

Wells, Greg D.; Norris, Stephen R.

doi:10.1016/j.prrv.2009.04.002

Cited by 32 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 83 publications

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“…The basis of this estimation is based on the maximum oxygen uptake of 84ml/kg/min and the lactate threshold of 90% [18]. The most comprehensive analysis of marathon runners is maximal oxygen uptake, anaerobic threshold, and running efficiency [17]. Most marathon runners run at 75-85% of their maximum oxygen uptake and run at 86-90% of their maximum oxygen intake for some athletes approaching world record levels [16].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Differences of Physique and Physical Fitness among Male South Korean Elite National Track and Field Athletes

Sung¹,

Ko²

2017

saj

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The aim of this study was to provide a detailed comparison of physique and physical fitness differences among Track and Field groups. The male athletes participating in this study consisted only of South Korean national track and field athletes. The Korean national athletes were divided into four groups (long-distance runner, sprinter, jumper, thrower). The long-distance runner group (n=7) consisted of three male marathoners and four male race walkers. The sprinter group (n=7) consisted of five male 100m athletes and two male hurdlers. The jumper group (n= 7) consisted of 2 male high jumpers, 2 male long jumpers, and 3 male pole vault athletes. The thrower group (n=8) consisted of 2 male shot put athletes, two male javelin throwers, 2 male discus throwers and 2 male hammer throwers. This study was designed to investigate the effects of physique (height, weight), muscular strength (grip strength), muscular endurance (push-ups, sit-ups), agility (side step), power (vertical jump), cardiopulmonary endurance (maximal oxygen uptake, Anaerobic Threshold %VO 2 max, rest heart rate), and flexibility (sit and reach). A one-way ANOVA was performed for the mean difference test among track and field athlete groups. A post hoc test method was conducted through the Scheffe Test. The results are as follows. The thrower athlete group showed significantly better results in weight, muscular strength (grip power) than the sprinter athlete group, long-distance runner group and the jumper athlete group. The long-distance runner group showed significantly better result in VO 2 max and AT (Anaerobic Threshold) than the sprinter group, thrower group and the jumper group. The sprinter group showed significantly better results in power (vertical jump) than the other three groups. There was no significant difference among the groups in the results for muscular endurance (push-up, sit-up), flexibility (sit and reach) and agility (side steps). In conclusion, the South Korean national long-distance runner group (VO 2 max: 72.6ml/kg/min, ATVO 2 max: 54ml/kg/min) was superior to the other three groups in cardiovascular endurance. The sprinter's group (vertical jump: 63.1cm) was superior to the other three groups in power. The thrower group (weight: 97kg, grip strength: 81kg) was superior to the other three groups in muscular strength and was heavier than the other groups. Korean national track & field athletes showed the characteristics of cardiovascular endurance, muscular strength, and power in a detailed analysis of items. No differences were found in muscular endurance, flexibility, and agility. Differences in physique and physical fitness among detail event groups of Korean national athletes were in accordance with previous studies. In future studies, the sample size should be increased to improve the reliability and validity of the study results.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Differences of Physique and Physical Fitness among Male South Korean Elite National Track and Field Athletes

Sung¹,

Ko²

2017

saj

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“…From this point of view, the state of acidosis or body alkalosis are identified [18]. Respiratory acidosis is a drop in pH (<7.35), due to an increased pCO2 value, because of hypoventilation, identifying a normal HCO3 value.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

RETRACTED: SECONDARY ELEMENTS OF BLOOD pH VARIATION CAN INFLUENCE THE EFFORT EFFECTIVENESS BASED ON ADAPTIVE CHANGES WITHIN A GROUP OF ELITE ATHLETES

Şa

Tomescu²,

Voidăzan

2016

Medicine and Pharmacy Reports

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AimpH is the direct indicator of the body reaction following the activities performed. Establishing precise correlations between pH and blood biochemical parameters might support the balancing of values during periods of marked physical activity.MethodWe conducted a case study in a group of elite rowers. Twelve athletes were included in the study. Monitoring was carried out by collecting biological samples several times a day: in the morning, 80 minutes pre-workout, 12 hours after the last physical effort performed, at two different times, 10 days apart. Determinations were aimed at adapting the reported biochemical parameters depending on the effort performed. The following parameters were monitored: pH, HCO3, pCO2, pO2, BE, SBE, SBC, Ca++, Mg++, LDH, GPT, T-Pro, and Alb.ResultsThe mean value of pH found in athletes was 7.41±0.024. The value obtained was significantly correlated to biochemical parameters such as BE (2.32±1.79), SBC (1.67±1.45), SBE (2.70±1.75). However, bicarbonate (HCO3) was statistically significantly related with SBE, SBC, SBE, and pO2, but did not present a strong association with the pH value (p=0.094). However, values such as Alb, Ca++, LDH, BE, SBC are related to pH value as a result of variations in the data submitted.ConclusionsThe processed data evidence the fact that blood pH, in this case, is significantly influenced by a number of indices that correlate energy system activity, individual adaptation to effort, and the recovery process. The parameters under investigation (SBE, SBC, SBE, CPK, LDH) are associated with pH changes that could confirm the recovery efficiency of the athlete, along with a possible metabolic acidosis/alkalosis.

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“…Carbohydrate and fatty acids constitute major energy substrates during physical exercise and the amino acid pool also interacts with the citric acid cycle in contracting fibers. Under anaerobic conditions pyruvate is converted into lactate, and under aerobic conditions the glycolytic conversion of glucose to pyruvate is followed by the enzymatic reactions of the citric acid cycle and oxidative phosphorylation (Wells et al, 2009). The density of enzymes that are associated with glycolysis, the phosphocreatine shuttle, the citric acid cycle, and oxidative phosphorylation reflect the metabolic status of individual muscles.…”

Section: Glycolytic-to-oxidative Shift In Senescent Musclementioning

confidence: 99%

Proteomic profiling of fast-to-slow muscle transitions during aging

Ohlendieck¹

2011

fphys

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Old age is associated with a large spectrum of physical ailments, including muscle wasting. Skeletal muscle degeneration drastically increases the risk of poor balance, frequent falling and impaired mobility in the elderly. In order to identify new therapeutic targets to halt or even reverse age-dependent muscle weakness and improve diagnostic methods to properly evaluate sarcopenia as a common geriatric syndrome, there is an urgent need to establish a reliable biomarker signature of muscle aging. In this respect, mass spectrometry-based proteomics has been successfully applied for studying crude extracts and subcellular fractions from aged animal and human muscle tissues to identify novel aging marker proteins. This review focuses on key physiological and metabolic aspects of sarcopenia, i.e., age-related muscle fiber transitions and metabolic shifts in aging muscle as revealed by proteomics. Over the last decade, proteomic profiling studies have clearly confirmed the idea that sarcopenia is based on a multi-factorial pathophysiology and that a glycolytic-to-oxidative shift occurs in slower-twitching senescent muscles. Both, newly identified protein factors and confirmed alterations in crucial metabolic and contractile elements can now be employed to establish a sarcopenia-specific biomarker signature.

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Assessment of physiological capacities of elite athletes & respiratory limitations to exercise performance

Cited by 32 publications

References 83 publications

Differences of Physique and Physical Fitness among Male South Korean Elite National Track and Field Athletes

Differences of Physique and Physical Fitness among Male South Korean Elite National Track and Field Athletes

RETRACTED: SECONDARY ELEMENTS OF BLOOD pH VARIATION CAN INFLUENCE THE EFFORT EFFECTIVENESS BASED ON ADAPTIVE CHANGES WITHIN A GROUP OF ELITE ATHLETES

Proteomic profiling of fast-to-slow muscle transitions during aging

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