Assessment of physical and chemical properties, health risk of trace metals and quality indices of surface waters of the rivers and lakes of the Kola Peninsula (Murmansk Region, North–West Russia)
“…For example, in the Monchegorsk city area (Kola peninsula) the nickel and copper pollution is by 6-1500 times higher than the European background levels [13]. Analysis of trace metals by atomic adsorption spectroscopy [14] showed that the highly Pb-polluted waters of the Kola Peninsula reached 425-times the background concentration (8 µg/L) in areas of anthropogenic impact compared to the background level of the Murmansk region [14]. The concentration of Pb is more than 19-times higher than the reference recommended values of maximum tolerable concentrations of this element in soils around copper-nickel metallurgical smelters [15][16][17].…”
The production of electrolytic nickel includes the stage of leaching of captured firing nickel matte dust. The solutions formed during this process contain considerable amounts of Pb, which is difficult to extraction due to its low concentration upon the high-salt background. The sorption of lead from model solutions with various compositions by synthetic and natural titanosilicate sorbents (synthetic ivanyukite-Na-T (SIV), ivanyukite-Na-T, and AM-4) have been investigated. The maximal sorption capacity of Pb is up to 400 mg/g and was demonstrated by synthetic ivanyukite In solutions with the high content of Cl− (20 g/L), extraction was observed only with a high amount of Na (150 g/L). Molecular mechanisms and kinetics of lead incorporation into ivanyukite were studied by the combination of single-crystal and powder X-ray diffraction, microprobe analysis, and Raman spectroscopy. Incorporation of lead into natural ivanyukite-Na-T with the R3m symmetry by the substitution 2Na+ + 2O2− ↔ Pb2+ + □ + 2OH− leds to its transformation into the cubic P−43m Pb-exchanged form with the empirical formulae Pb1.26[Ti4O2.52(OH)1.48(SiO4)3]·3.32(H2O).
“…For example, in the Monchegorsk city area (Kola peninsula) the nickel and copper pollution is by 6-1500 times higher than the European background levels [13]. Analysis of trace metals by atomic adsorption spectroscopy [14] showed that the highly Pb-polluted waters of the Kola Peninsula reached 425-times the background concentration (8 µg/L) in areas of anthropogenic impact compared to the background level of the Murmansk region [14]. The concentration of Pb is more than 19-times higher than the reference recommended values of maximum tolerable concentrations of this element in soils around copper-nickel metallurgical smelters [15][16][17].…”
The production of electrolytic nickel includes the stage of leaching of captured firing nickel matte dust. The solutions formed during this process contain considerable amounts of Pb, which is difficult to extraction due to its low concentration upon the high-salt background. The sorption of lead from model solutions with various compositions by synthetic and natural titanosilicate sorbents (synthetic ivanyukite-Na-T (SIV), ivanyukite-Na-T, and AM-4) have been investigated. The maximal sorption capacity of Pb is up to 400 mg/g and was demonstrated by synthetic ivanyukite In solutions with the high content of Cl− (20 g/L), extraction was observed only with a high amount of Na (150 g/L). Molecular mechanisms and kinetics of lead incorporation into ivanyukite were studied by the combination of single-crystal and powder X-ray diffraction, microprobe analysis, and Raman spectroscopy. Incorporation of lead into natural ivanyukite-Na-T with the R3m symmetry by the substitution 2Na+ + 2O2− ↔ Pb2+ + □ + 2OH− leds to its transformation into the cubic P−43m Pb-exchanged form with the empirical formulae Pb1.26[Ti4O2.52(OH)1.48(SiO4)3]·3.32(H2O).
“…Heavy metal pollution is a common type of pollution in rivers [1][2][3][4][5][6]. Under the natural erosion of river banks by river waters [7][8][9][10], heavy metals in rivers can be absorbed by the soil on the banks through adsorption, sedimentation and complexation [11][12][13][14][15][16].…”
The soil on the west bank of the Xiangjiang River in the main urban area of Changsha, Hunan Province is referred to as shore soil, and the soil on the mid-levels of the Yuelu Mountains in Changsha is referred to as offshore soil. To stabilise the heavy metals in the soils, which do not readily migrate by pyrolysis, these soil samples were heated at 450°C for 3 hours in a muffle furnace and removed after natural cooling. These heated and stabilised soils were analysed by inductively coupled plasma emission spectrometry (ICP-OES), scanning electron microscopy (EMS) and XRD diffractometry respectively. It can be found that: (1) There is a difference in the heavy metal content between the shoreline soil and the offshore soil of the Xiangjiang River. (2) The scanning electron microscope shows that the microstructure of the soil is altered by prolonged river water infiltration and washing. (3) Both onshore and offshore soils are a mixture of crystalline and non-crystalline materials, with less non-crystalline material in the onshore soil compared to the offshore soil. (4) The main crystalline material in both onshore and offshore soils is SiO2.(5) Soil samples containing metallic elements are mostly in non-crystalline form.
“…Aeration was to add oxygen to inhibit the action of nitrogen oxidation by anaerobic microorganisms feasible to decrease the concentrations of NH 3 -N and somewhat NO 2 -N to improve the water environment. By means of gathering sediments from the bottom of waters, the dredging was a usual way with dredger conducted for decreasing the loads of the nitrogen nutrients to control the eutrophication and deterioration in contaminated waters (An & Jin, 2021;Belhouchette et al, 2022;Kim et al, 2022;Yakovlev et al, 2022). Water conveyance might be an irreplaceable pathway to improve water qualities by supplying some 'clean' waters into the contaminated rivers and lakes to dilute the nitrogen nutrients below the limit concentrations.…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Water conveyance might be an irreplaceable pathway to improve water qualities by supplying some 'clean' waters into the contaminated rivers and lakes to dilute the nitrogen nutrients below the limit concentrations. It would produce potential behaviors and problems of the environmental toxicity and pollution on the overdosages of algaecide, oxidant, and disinfectant in long term to increase risks of tissue damages by making living beings and human exposed to the complex and toxic nitrogen compounds, despite of rapid separation of total pollutants like suspended solids and algae to became eutrophic waters into crystal clear waters (Kim et al, 2022;Qian et al, 2022;Yakovlev et al, 2022). Moreover, arti cial oating islands, as one of the well-known and favorite man-made bioremediation processes, could sometime decontaminate the nitrogen substances with the simple ecological system to complex ecosystem succession to restore the aquatic biodiversity and selfpuri cation abilities on absorption and degradation of the releases of nitrogen because of the algae cell death and sediment pollution.…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…In addition of long cycle of production and construction, di culty to mechanization and not easy to carry out standardization promotion, they were the reasons that the scope of the application of the oating islands used at home and abroad was limited, most of which was used in small areas of rivers and lakes (Gao et However, it was necessary to reduce emissions and comprehensive treatment, but to deal with the eutrophication and black smelly waters that had been formed. As the aim of rapid and direct decrease every concentration of the nitrogen substances, the interception-activation-combined bioreactors (IACB) herein were involved to purify the eutrophic and black smelly waters by adding into the rivers and lakes by continuously and mainly monitoring and removing the substances of NH 3 -N, NO 2 -N and NO 3 -N (Yakovlev et al, 2022). Furthermore, the conversion processes of the different nitrogen substances were focused on to illustrate the transformation mechanism avoiding the toxic nitrogen compounds accumulated to ruining down the environmental safety of the aquatic organisms.…”
For understanding the internal transformations of the nitrogen in nitrogenous contaminants like ammonia nitrogen (NH3-N), nitrite nitrogen (NO2-N) and nitrate nitrogen (NO3-N) in natural waters, the remediation effects of the designed reactors on NH3-N, NO2-N and NO3-N were well carried out, respectively. It was not like the NO3-N contaminants which would be rapidly whittled down within any concentrations of this experiment, meanwhile the concentrations of the NH3-N and NO3-N contaminants were respectively reduced by nitrification and denitrification from 5.00 mg/L and 10.00 mg/L in influents under the conditions of dissolved oxygen concentrations of 5.0 ± 0.6 mg/L and the redox potential (ORP) about + 213 ± 37 mV at 20.0 ± 0.5℃ of water temperature to no more than 2.0 mg/L in effluents. Both NH3-N and NO3-N concentrations were under the limited concentrations of the level V of GB 3838 − 2002 with the help of the aerobic granular sludges (AGS) cultured and collected from the interception-reaction galleries (IRG) of the reactors of characteristics of 0.20–2.00 mm in statistical particle diameter (93 ± 4% m/m), ash contents of 7 ± 5% m/m and the degradation capacities of 0.88 ± 0.13 (mg nitrogen)/(mg sludge). Thereafter, it was not decreased as expected to the finial acceptable concentration of the prospective value of 2.00 mg/L with the original concentration of 15.00 mg/L in influents. Thus, the processes of the nitrogenous contaminants could be remediated within the concentrations of the rage of no more than 10.00 mg/L, especially both NH3-N and NO3-N to friendlily purify the natural waters without any other exogenous powers and more energy consumptions to the environment.
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