Assessment of Personality Functioning in Adolescents With the LoPF–Q 12–18 Self-Report Questionnaire

Unresolved Attachment Mediates the Relationship Between Childhood Trauma and Impaired Personality Functioning in Adolescence

“…Concerning the maltreatment type of emotional neglect, we found a significant effect on the domain of intimacy. This result suggests that emotional neglect (i.e., I do not feel loved; in my family, we do not look out for each other; we do not feel close; my family is not supportive) might be an important predictor for higher impairments in personal relationships that are characterized by an impaired capacity for close relationships (i.e., a lack of emotional openness, trust, and tolerance of closeness) as well as impaired reciprocity (i.e., feelings of superficial and detached relationships, a lack of solidarity and mutuality) (Goth et al, 2018a). Our second major finding was that the amount of unresolved attachment characteristics mediated the relationship between childhood maltreatment in total and impairments in the levels of personality functioning.…”

“…This self-report questionnaire measures the four dimensions of personality functioning: Identity, Self-Direction, Empathy, and Intimacy, following the descriptions of Criterion A and the dimensional severity approach to diagnose PD as proposed in the DSM-5 AMPD (APA, 2013) and in the latest draft of PD classification in the upcoming ICD-11, which is using similar dimensions of interpersonal dysfunction and self-dysfunction (World Health Organization, 2018) The 97 items are rated on a 5-point scale ranging from no (= 0) to yes (= 4) and add up to a total score that provides information on the severity of impairment in personality functioning. The German version has demonstrated good scale reliabilities, with Cronbach's alpha .97 on total, and with .92, .94, .87, and .92 on primary scale level (Goth et al, 2018a(Goth et al, , 2018b.…”

“…Similarly, a dimensional approach for the diagnosis of PD has also been proposed for the 11th revision of the International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems (ICD-11;World Health Organization, 2018). Criterion A refers to impairments in self-related (identity and self-direction) and interpersonal (empathy and intimacy) domains of functioning that allow assessing the severity of a PD and a more specified evaluation of the core impairment (i.e., more intra-or more interpersonal) (APA, 2013;Benzi, Preti, Di Pierro, Clarkin, & Madeddu, 2019;Goth, Birkhölzer, & Schmeck, 2018a). The concept of personality functioning might be very useful for adolescent age groups as it considers fluctuations in personality (Benzi et al, 2019) and allows detecting and describing the central impairments of personality pathology during the transitional period of adolescence (Beeney et al, 2017;Benzi et al, 2019;Goth et al, 2018a).…”

Prevalence and structure of self‐other problems in SAPAS screening for personality disorder in a National Sample

“…The findings of the present study warrant replication using complete and more updated self‐report measures of DSM‐5‐AMPD and ICD‐11 personality dysfunction (e.g., including features of identity disturbance). This may particularly involve the 12‐item Level of Personality Functioning Scale – Brief Form 2.0 (LPFS‐BF), the 80‐item Level of Personality Functioning Scale–Self‐Report (LPFS–SR), the 97‐item Level of Personality Functioning Questionnaire for adolescents (LoPF–Q12–18), the Level of Personality Functioning Scale – Self Report version for criterion A (LPFS‐SRA) and Observer‐Rated version for criterion A (LPFS‐ORA), and various forms of the DSM–5 Levels of Personality Functioning Questionnaire (DLOPFQ) …”

A Brief but Comprehensive Review of Research on the Alternative DSM-5 Model for Personality Disorders

“…For the purpose of gathering self-report data, some researchers have asked participants to judge themselves according to the prototypical descriptions of the 12 subdomains [48-50]. Only recently, self-report measures building on the LPFS were newly developed, including the Level of Personality Functioning Scale-Self Report (LPFS-SR) [29], the Level of Personality Functioning Scale-Brief Form (LPFS-BF) [30,31], the DSM-5 Levels of Personality Functioning Questionnaire (DLOPFQ) [27,28], the Self and Interpersonal Functioning Scale (SIFS) [33], and the Levels of Personality Functioning Questionnaire for adolescents (LoPF-Q 12-18) [32]. For the purpose of informant ratings, it has been suggested that the 60 prototypical descriptions of the LPFS can also be rated individually by laypersons [47••, 51].…”