Assessment of personal exposure to PM for multiple transportation modes

Liu, Yonghong; Zhong, Hui; Liu, Kui; Gao, H. Oliver; He, Lejian; Xu, Rui; Ding, Hui; Wei, Huang

doi:10.1016/j.trd.2021.103086

Cited by 11 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 64 publications

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“…In addition, Harrison et al [37] confirmed in their analysis of the non-exhaust emissions, from abrasion of the brakes and tyres and wear of the road surface, as well as from resuspension of road dusts, that the emitted particles have to be in both the course (PM 2.5-10 ) and fine (PM 2.5 ) fractions, with a larger proportion in the former. Our results agree with those obtained in the open literature [5,35,[37][38][39][46][47][48]53,[74][75]). Our clustering could be essential to assess particle impacts on air quality and human health and, in addition, could be used in effective control measures.…”

Section: Cluster 3 (φ ε ]2-3 µM]) 3 Cluster 4 (φ ε ]3-4 µM]supporting

confidence: 93%

“…This finding completes the obtained results by Iijima et al [73] in terms of size distribution (1-10 μm and 2-3 μm). Our results confirm analysis by Liu et al [39] which identified the variations in particle size range, in particular in 0,25-10 μm interval. This size range revealed emissions that could be a mixture with exhaust and non-exhaust emissions.…”

Section: Cluster 3 (φ ε ]2-3 µM]) 3 Cluster 4 (φ ε ]3-4 µM]supporting

confidence: 92%

“…Authors [39][40][41][42] suggested that highest particle counts were observed in the size range of 0.25-0.5 µm, and can be extended to the interval 0.25-10 μm.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Untitled

2022

JEPC

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Non-exhaust road transport emissions, particularly tyre-pavement abrasion, contribute to poor air quality. This original work is on particle emissions caused by tyre-pavement abrasion in real driving conditions in urban, suburban and motorway areas. The collected data were analyzed according to the size, the number and chemical identification. Multivariate analysis provided clusters of size and chemical elements. Results showed the predominant particles (diameter φ < 1 µm and φ ε]1-2 µm]) for urban and suburban experiments, and ]1-3 µm] on motorways. A confirmed shift phenomenon at the close-to-the-source showed particles of large sizes [5-10 µm]. The obtained clusters were: 1. Aluminosilicate, iron compounds, silicate free of aluminum (70%). 2. Ferrosilicon, silica, compounds of calcium, manganese, iron oxide, compounds of aluminum, sulfur, copper and zinc (29%). 3. A mix of various traces (1%). This paper will contribute to the development of new green technologies dedicated to improving sustainable road transport.

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Section: Cluster 3 (φ ε ]2-3 µM]) 3 Cluster 4 (φ ε ]3-4 µM]supporting

confidence: 93%

Section: Cluster 3 (φ ε ]2-3 µM]) 3 Cluster 4 (φ ε ]3-4 µM]supporting

confidence: 92%

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Untitled

2022

JEPC

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“…A study by Sm et al [28] showed that bicyclists, motorcyclists, and walking commuters had the highest PM exposure concentrations. This result is consistent with many previous studies [5,25,29,30]. Commuters in vehicles without protection from the vehicle body or air are likely to experience higher concentrations of PM compared to those in closed transportation modes (with protection from the vehicle body or air filter) [31].…”

Section: Quantifying Pm Concentrations Faced By In-transit Commuters ...supporting

confidence: 92%

Calibration of DustTrak and Low-Cost Sensors and Their Application for Assessment of Inhalation Exposures to Traffic-Related PM2.5 and PM1 in Ho Chi Minh City

Chi,

Ngan,

Cong-Thanh

et al. 2023

Atmosphere

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The in-traffic microenvironment can enhance personal exposure to fine particulate matter (PM). With this study, we aimed to calibrate a DustTrak instrument (DustTrak 8533 DRX Aerosol Monitor, TSI Incorporated, Shoreview, MN, USA) and low-cost sensors (AS-LUNG-P sensors) and then assess inhalation exposure to PM2.5 and PM1 for different commuters in central areas of Ho Chi Minh City (HCM). The DustTrak instrument and low-cost sensors were calibrated using a gravimetric method under side-by-side conditions. Relationships between the DustTrak signals and PM concentrations measured by the gravimetric method were identified using simple linear regression models for PM2.5 (R2 = 0.998, p-value < 0.05) and PM1 (R2 = 0.989, p-value < 0.05). Meanwhile, PM concentrations determined by the AS-LUNG-P sensors and the gravimetric method were correlated using two-segmented linear regressions. To obtain the corresponding two-segment regression equations, the response of the AS-LUNG-P sensors was compared with the corrected DustTrak data. The coefficient of variation (CV) evaluated for all sensors was smaller than 10%, indicating that the data were applicable for particle assessment. For inhalation exposure assessment, the results showed that commuters using open transport modes, such as bikes, motorbikes, and walking, were exposed to more PM than those using closed transport modes (e.g., cars). Specifically, the bicyclists had the highest inhaled doses of PM among the open transport groups. PM exposure levels in the morning were higher than in the afternoon. Additionally, exposure levels to PM concentrations rapidly increased when passing through intersections of major roads and moderately decreased when using surgical facemasks.

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“…Residents of Asian, European, and North American cities perform 7-10% of their daily activities in transport microenvironments (TMEs), where traffic emissions are a major pollution source [4,8]. Studies have indicated that commuters experience highly variable concentrations of ambient pollutants and face short-time extreme peak pollutant concentrations, two times higher than those at home or in urban background locations [4,[9][10][11]. Commuting contributes significantly to the overall transport-related air pollution, accounting for 12-32% of the daily exposure, owing to the proximity of the individuals to the pollution source [11,12].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Comparison of Particulate Exposure Levels during Taxi, Bus, and Metro Commuting among Four Chinese Megacities

Zhang

Huang

2022

IJERPH

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Exposure to inhalable particulate matter pollution is a hazard to human health. Many studies have examined the in-transit particulate matter pollution across multiple travel modes. However, limited information is available on the comparison of in-transit exposure among cities that experience different climates and weather patterns. This study aimed to examine the variations in in-cabin particle concentrations during taxi, bus, and metro commutes among four megacities located in the inland and coastal areas of China. To this end, we employed a portable monitoring approach to measure in-transit particle concentrations and the corresponding transit conditions using spatiotemporal information. The results highlighted significant differences in in-cabin particle concentrations among the four cities, indicating that PM concentrations varied in an ascending order of, and the ratios of different-sized particle concentrations varied in a descending order of CS, SZ, GZ, and WH. Variations in in-cabin particle concentrations during bus and metro transits between cities were mainly positively associated with urban background particle concentrations. Unlike those in bus and metro transit, in-cabin PM concentrations in taxi transit were negatively associated with urban precipitation and wind speed. The variations in particle concentrations during the trip were significantly associated with passenger density, posture, the in-cabin location of investigators, and window condition, some of which showed interactive effects. Our findings suggest that improving the urban background environment is essential for reducing particulate pollution in public transport microenvironments. Moreover, optimizing the scheduling of buses and the distribution of bus stops might contribute to mitigating the in-cabin exposure levels in transit. With reference to our methods and insights, policymakers and other researchers may further explore in-transit exposure to particle pollution in different cities.

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Assessment of personal exposure to PM for multiple transportation modes

Cited by 11 publications

References 64 publications

Untitled

Untitled

Calibration of DustTrak and Low-Cost Sensors and Their Application for Assessment of Inhalation Exposures to Traffic-Related PM2.5 and PM1 in Ho Chi Minh City

A Comparison of Particulate Exposure Levels during Taxi, Bus, and Metro Commuting among Four Chinese Megacities

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