Assessment of oral mucosal lesions among psychiatric inmates residing in central jail, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, India: A cross-sectional survey

Abstract

Aim:The aim of the current cross-sectional study was to assess oral mucosal lesions among psychiatric jail patients residing in central jail, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, India.Materials and Methods:The study subjects consisted of prediagnosed psychiatric patients residing in central jail, Bhopal. A matched control consisting of cross section of the population, that is, jail inmates residing in the same central jail locality was also examined to compare the psychiatric subjects. The WHO oral health assessment proforma, 1997 along with 18-item questionnaire was used for the oral health examination.Results:A total number of subjects examined were 244, which comprised of 122 psychiatric inmates and 122 nonpsychiatric inmates. Among all psychiatric inmates, about 57.4% of inmates had a diagnosis of depression, 14.8% had psychotic disorders (like schizophrenia), and 12.3% had anxiety disorder. A total of 77% study inmates, which comprised of 87.7% psychiatrics and 66.4% nonpsychiatrics had a habit of tobacco consumption (smokeless or smoking). Overall prevalence of oral mucosal lesions among the inmates was 85 (34.8%), which comprised of 39.3% psychiatric inmates and 30.3% nonpsychiatric inmates.Conclusion:The information presented in this study adds to our understanding of the common oral mucosal lesions occurring in a psychiatric inmate population. Leukoplakia and oral submucous fibrosis were the most common types of oral mucosal lesions found. Efforts to increase patient awareness of the oral effects of tobacco use and to eliminate the habit are needed to improve oral and general health of the prison population.

Chewable Tobacco is Significantly Associated with Dental Caries and Periodontitis Among Incarcerated Women in Prison

“…It was found that most of the inmates with psychiatric issues had a habit of tobacco consumption. Furthermore, the study discovered a significant correlation between oral mucosal lesions with tobacco-related habits 18 . A local study conducted by Qadir et al revealed that out of the 433 inmates in Karachi, 89% were addicted to at least one addiction such as smoking, naswar, pan, gutka and manpuri, heroin, ganja (cannabis), charas (hashish form of cannabis), and opium 19 .…”

A cross-sectional study on oral health status of battery factory workers in Chennai city

“…in psychiatric inmates, 8.4% by Mehrotra et al ., 8.4% by Patel and Patel, 46.1% by Thada and Pai, and 64% by Patil etal. [ 1 2 3 5 17 20 21 22 ]…”

“…[ 2 ] Oral lesions can be secondary to nutritional deficiency, trauma, infection, local irritation, ill-fitting denture, sharp tooth, electro galvanism, adverse oral habits, and systemic infections. [ 2 3 4 5 ]…”