Assessment of occupational health hazards in scrap-tire shredding facilities

Practical tool and procedure for workplace risk assessment: Evidence from SMEs in Estonia

“…Those hazards have been identified and contribute to higher risks for SMEs in other studies. In Australia, Seneviratne and Phoon (2006) identified high risk from noise, dust, chemicals (nickel and chromium) in SME's working in the metal industry, in Thailand, Kongtip et al, 2008 found that out of 280 SMEs studied, 40% exposed employees to hazardous chemicals, 66.1% exposed them to noise and 35.7% to low-quality lighting, in Taiwan an assessment of occupational hazards in a plastic industry focused on noise, volatile organic compounds and particulates as they identified those hazards posing the obvious risk (Chien et al, 2003). In the current the study, the hazards identified were measured and assessed with the FRA tool using a schematic approach which connects different parameters of hazards with occupational exposure levels and potential health consequences.…”

Environmental and Health Impacts of Artificial Turf: A Review

“…15,17,18 The levels of total VOCs in the air of two tire shredding facilities located in central Taiwan ranged from 1.4 to 2.2 ppm, which were not significantly different from the local background level (∼1.4 ppm). 19 Chemical analysis indicated the presence of various groups of air pollutants, such as aliphatics (e.g., octane, decane, and undecane), aromatics (e.g., benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, and xylenes), polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), methyl isobutyl ketone, styrene, and benzothiazole. 19 These contaminants probably resulted from the decomposition of rubber polymers, vulcanization accelerators, and plasticizers during tire shredding and grinding.…”

“…19 Chemical analysis indicated the presence of various groups of air pollutants, such as aliphatics (e.g., octane, decane, and undecane), aromatics (e.g., benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, and xylenes), polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), methyl isobutyl ketone, styrene, and benzothiazole. 19 These contaminants probably resulted from the decomposition of rubber polymers, vulcanization accelerators, and plasticizers during tire shredding and grinding. It has been reported that benzothiazole was the most abundant volatile compound in the vapor phase over tire rubber crumb, and that the concentrations of VOCs leveled off significantly within 2 weeks under natural weathering conditions and became relatively constant thereafter.…”

Application of Hybrid MCDM Approach for Selecting the Best Tyre Recycling Process

“…In the mechanical process, tyres are trimmed down to chips and passed through granulators which separate loose steel and fibre and additionally rubber particle size is also being reduced. The particles thus produced are then grounded in a cracker mill to produce rubber crumb of 30-40 mesh size [12]. In the cryogenic process, tyre chips are frozen in liquid nitrogen as they pass through a cryogenic tunnel.…”